12 Flashcards
(47 cards)
responses to attacks and infections are called _____ _____ because they are triggered by threat
inducible defences
first level of detection leading to immunity
pattern triggered immunity
step 1 of PTI
microbe/pathogen specific molecules provide microbe or pathogen associated molecular patterns MAMPS OR PAMPS that are recognized bt pattern recognition receptors PRR in plant cells membrane. MAMPS OR PAMPS
binding lead to activation of genes in nucleus and immunity response
IF SUCCESS THEN IMMUNITY
STEP 2 and 3
pathogens deliver virulence effectors to both the plant cells apoplast to block PAMP OR MAMP perception and to the plant cells interior to block signalling to PTI
IF SUCCESS THEN VIRULENCE AND DISEASE
Step 4 and 5
intracellular receptors recognize and bind effector molecules. that leads to their activation, signalling and gene expression leading to effector triggered immunity ETI
SUCCESS THEN IMMUNITY RESPONSE
when attacked by a pathogen, plants initiate a response called the _______\ _____ protecting the plant from extensive infection
hypersensitive response
hypersensitive response process
- stromata close keeping out pathogens
- reactive oxygen species are produced to target pathogen
- cell walls are reinforced to prevent pathogen movement
- cells in the infected area rapidly die by suicide.
once the HR is under way, a hormone produced at the infection site triggers a slower, more widespread set of events called _____ ______ ______
systemic acquired resistence
what does Systemic acquired resistence do?
primes roots and shoots to resist assault
detection of a pathogen leads to release of a hormone that initiates SARS
-_______ _______ levels increase
- the signals result in the expression of a suite of pathogenesis related PR genes
methyl salicylate MeSA
many plant seeds and storage organs contain _____ _____ that block proteinase enzymes in the mouths and stomachs if herbitvore. ingestion can cause sickness
proteinase enzymes
proteinase inhibitor is an induced defence, a wound response hormone called ____ is produced at the damage site , and induces the production of proteinase inhibitors in undamaged tissues
systemin
signal transduction pathway that prepares undamaged cells for attack
- systemin is released from damaged cells
- it travels through phloem and binds to membrane receptors on target cells
- the activated receptors trigger a series of chem reactions that synthesize the hormone jasmonic acid
- jasmonic acid activates a cytolic signalling oathway that induces the production of proteinase inhibitors.
defense against herbivores by secondary metabolites can be _______ or ______
constitutive, induced
enemies of herbivore
some plants have ______ that produce a latex with toxins as well as polymerizing terpenes
laticifers
example Methylsalicylate
oil of wintergreen
flavonoids generated by condensation of two
phenols
Tannis
- generated by condesation of many_____
- inactive _____ enzymes
- used to curing skin into ______
common in:
flavonoids
digestive
leather
unripe fruits, grapes, leaves, heartwood
Alkaloids are ring structures with both _____ and _____ atoms. defense against _____, interferes with ____
nitrogen, carbon, mammals, CNS
potato plants
- contain _____ as defense against insects
- high conc in ____ low conc in _____. levels increase in tubers in response to
- light
- warm temperatures
solanin, fruit, tubers
cyanogenic glucosides
- found in _____
- cause release of ____
- symptoms :
LEGUMES, HCN,nerve damage
