12] Advanced Gait Analysis And Biomech Foot Orthoses

Question 1

Normal Fick angle

Answer 1

5-18 degrees is normal

Question 2

Normal femoral torsion angle

Answer 2

8-15 degrees

Question 3

Normal tibial torsion angle

Answer 3

12-18 degrees

Question 4

Sign of pronation

Answer 4

Too many oes sign

Question 5

Midtarsal joint for pronation approach

Answer 5

Parallel

Question 6

Which foot is rigid vs flexible

Answer 6

Pronation = flexible foot
Supination = rigid foot

Question 7

Rearfoot varus heel strike

Answer 7

Increased calcaneal inversion and pronation

Question 8

Rearfoot varus at midstance

Answer 8

Supination from pronated position

- level arm less stable

Question 9

Shearing for rearfoot varus

Answer 9

Callus under 2nd met head

Question 10

Associated pathologies with rearfoot varus

Answer 10

Post tib tendonitis
Plantar fasciitis
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Achilles tendonitis

Question 11

Forefoot varus at heel strike

Answer 11

Calcaneal normal

Question 12

Forefoot varus at midstance

Answer 12

Stays pronated

- lever arm less stable

Question 13

Callus where for forefoot varus

Answer 13

Medical hallux at push off

Question 14

Associated pathos for forefoot varus

Answer 14

HAV
Plantar fasciitis
2nd met stress Fx
Metatarsalgia (Morten’s neuroma)
Achilles tendonitis
PFPS

Question 15

Abductors twist observed when

Answer 15

Between flat foot and heel rise

Question 16

What happens in abductors twist

Answer 16

Heel moves medially and forefoot ABDucts

- midtarsal it unlocks and STJ fails to resupinate so its flexible

Question 17

Abductory twist is compensation for

Answer 17

Reduced ER higher up

Question 18

What is HAV

Answer 18

Hallux abductovalgus aka a bunion on the outside of your big toe

Question 19

During supination, midtarsal joints approach

Answer 19

Perpendicular

Question 20

Toe deformities seen with supination

Answer 20

Claw toe
Mallet toe
Hammer toe

Question 21

Forefoot valgus heel strike

Answer 21

Normal calcaneus but increased supination

Question 22

Forefoot valgus at heel strike

Answer 22

Begins pronating when it should be supinating

- lever arm less stable at push off

Question 23

Shearing for forefoot valgus

Answer 23

1st and 5th met heads

Question 24

What is there b.c of rigid foot with supination

Answer 24

Decreased shock absorption

Question 25

Associated pathos with forefoot valgus

Answer 25

Lateral ankle sprains Peroneus longus tendonitis Sesamoiditis SI joint probs

Question 26

PF 1st ray is

Answer 26

Dropped 1st met - increased loading on 1st met

Question 27

Metatarsalgia

Answer 27

Pain at distal end of one or more metatarsals

Question 28

Metatarsalgia happens from ?

Answer 28

Overuse injury common in athletes who run and jump

Question 29

Signs and Sx of metatarsalgia

Answer 29

Gradual onset Increased pain with walk/run Calluses present

Question 30

Predisposing factors Of metatarsalgia

Answer 30

``` Prominent met heads Tight toe ext Weak toe flex Tight Achilles’ tendon Excessive pronation Cavus foot (high arch) Morton toe (long second toe) ```

Question 31

Treatment for metatarsalgia

Answer 31

Metatarsal pads

Question 32

Important points of doing a slipper cast

Answer 32

Maintain subtalar neutral and neutral DF | Hold pts foot at 4th and 5th met heads which locks and loads DTJ

Question 33

Goal of biomechanical foot orthoses

Answer 33

To compensate for foot deformity

Question 34

Which shape is best for met pads?

Answer 34

Met dome shape b/c it reduced peak plantar pressures during running in ppl with flat feet

Question 35

Optimal placement of met pad

Answer 35

6-10 mm proximal to met heads (middle 3)

Question 36

Thomas heel promotes and limits?

Answer 36

Promotes RF varus and supports medial arch | Limits pronation

Question 37

Support under cuboid does what

Answer 37

Promotes ABDuction of foot

Question 38

Metatarsal bar does what?

Answer 38

Decreases pressure on met heads

Question 39

Rocker sole

Answer 39

Decreases pressure on met heads and used for decreased ankle lotion - also helps assist in gait with propulsion

Question 40

Running shoes need minimal

Answer 40

Heel to toe drop | 6 mm or less to allow normal loading