1.2 Carbohydrates-Monosaccharides

Question 1

Define monomer

Answer 1

Smaller repeating units from which larger molecules are made

Question 2

Define polymer

Answer 2

Molecules made up of lots of monomers bonded together

Question 3

What are monosaccharides and Give three examples of monosaccharides

They are also known as hexose surgars

Answer 3

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made, e.g.:
Galactose
Fructose
Glucose

All have the formula C6H12O6

Question 4

What are the two isomers of glucose called and what are the differences between them

Answer 4

Alpha
Beta
OH group is below carbon 1 in alpha glucose
OH group is above carbon 1 in beta glucose

Question 5

Name the type of bond formed whne monosaccharides react

Answer 5

(1,4 or 1,6) Glycosidic bonds

Question 6

Describe the benedict’s test for reducing sugars

Answer 6

1. Add benedicts solution(blue) to sample
2. Heat in a boiling water bath
3. positive result:colour change from blue to orange and brick red precipitate forms

Question 7

What is a reducing sugar

Answer 7

Sugars that can reduce (give an electron to) the copper sulphate in benedict’s reagent to copper oxide

Question 8

Give examples of polymers and the monomers from which theyre made from

Answer 8

Nucelotide–>polynucleotide (DNA or RNA)
Monosaccharide–>polysaccharide(starch/glycogen)
Amino acid–> polypeptide(protein)

Question 9

Describe the difference between the structure of α-glucose and β-glucose (2)

Answer 9

● Isomers - same molecular formula but differently arranged atoms
● OH group is below carbon 1 in α-glucose but above carbon 1 in β-glucose