1.2 Cell Organelles Flashcards
(21 cards)
Nucleus
Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis
Nuclear pores
Allow the transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Separates the content of the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Contains tRNA rRNA and ribosomes out
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Packaging and storing proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Produce package and transport lipids
Golgi body
Packaging proteins for secretion of cell and modification of proteins
Lysozymes
Contains powerful digestive enzymes to break down worn out cells
Centrioles
Form the spindle during cell division
Mitochondria
ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration
Chloroplasts
Contains photosynthetic pigments to absorb light for photosynthesis
Vacuole
Contains cell sap and stores solutes such as glucose
Ribosomes
Used for protein synthesis
Plasmodesmata
Connects cell via cytoplasm filled canals which pass through cell walls
Cell wall
Mechanical strength so supports the cell
Similarities bt mitochondria and chloroplasts
Both have
Double membrane
Highly folded inner membranes
Have a circle of DNA for self replication
Have ribosomes
Produce ATP
Differences bt chloroplasts and mitochondria
Mitochondria have cristae but chloroplasts have thykloid membranes
Chloroplasts contain photosynthetic pigments to absorb light for photosynthesis mitochondria does not
Mitochondria have an inner matrix but chloroplasts have a stroma
Prokaryotic cells
No membrane bound organelles
DNA free in cytoplasm
No nuclear envelope
Cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan
No mitochondria - use mesosome for aerobic respiration
70S ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells
80S Ribosomes
Membrane bound organelles
DNA contained in the nucleus
No plasmids
Cell wall is composed of cellulose
Mitochondria used for aerobic respiration
Viruses
No cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles or chromosomes
Can only reproduce by the help of a host cell
Composed of a protein coat or capsid which surrounds DNA
