1.2-Cell structure and organisation

Question 1

Define organelle?

Answer 1

Are specialised parts of cell that have specific function to preform.

Question 2

Define ultracentrifuge?

Answer 2

Machine to break part cells by density.

Question 3

Define buffer?

Answer 3

Maintains a constant PH.

Question 4

Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 4

Flattened membrane, double membrane of cristae lead to make nuclear envelope.

Question 5

Function of (Rough) Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 5

Covered in ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 6

Function of (smooth) Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 6

Synthesis of protein and transport lipids.

Question 7

Function of Secretory vesicles?

Answer 7

Transfer secretory products to be secreted.

Question 8

Function of Golgi body?

Answer 8

Modifies and packages protein.
Produce glycoproteins
Secretes carbohydrates.

Question 9

Function of Mitochondria?

Answer 9

Provide ATP for exocytosis.
cristae increase surface area for ATP synthesis.
Aerobic respiration occur here.

Question 10

Function of Lysosomes?

Answer 10

Contain lysozymes.
Break down old organelles.

Question 11

Function of Cell wall?

Answer 11

Made up from cellulose microfibrils and pectin.
Provide strength to plant.
Fully permeable for transport substances.

Question 12

Function of vacuole?

Answer 12

Contain cell sap and surrounded by tonoplast membrane.

Question 13

Function of Ribosomes?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis for carrier protein.

Question 14

Function of nuclear pore?

Answer 14

Allow mRNA and nucleus to leave.

Question 15

Function of Chromatin?

Answer 15

DNA coils bound to protein coded for protein synthesis.

Question 16

Function of Nucleolus?

Answer 16

rRNA and ribosomes are made here.

Question 17

Function of nucleus?

Answer 17

Contain DNA coded for production of protein.

Question 18

Function of nuclear envelope?

Answer 18

Allows mRNA and ribosomes pass out of the nucleus.

Question 19

Function of Chloroplast?

Answer 19

Thylakoid membrane contains chloroplast contain chlorophyll, a pigment that traps light for photosynthesis.

Question 20

Function of Cell plasma membrane?

Answer 20

Allow certain molecules through.

Question 21

Why mitochondria have different shape?

Answer 21

-Newly formed
-Different angles.

Question 22

Define prokaryotic?

Answer 22

-Type of cell that doesn’t contain membrane bound organelle.
-Bacteria
-DNA free in cytoplasm
-Ribosomes 70s.
-Peptidoglycan cell wall.
-Mesosome for aerobic respiration.

Question 23

Define Eukaryotic?

Answer 23

-Type of cell that contain nucleus along with membrane bound organelle.
-Animal and plant cell
-DNA free in nucleus
-Ribosomes 80s.
-cellulose cell wall.
-Mitochondria for aerobic respiration.

Question 24

Define Acellular?

Answer 24

Not mad up of cells.

Question 25

Define Peptidoglycan?

Answer 25

Cell wall made up of for Bacteria.

Question 26

Define bacteriophage?

Answer 26

Virus infects a bacteria.

Question 27

Calculations? 2mm to ym 32000ym to mm

Answer 27

-Eg. 2mm to ym = 2x1000 =2000ym -Eg. 32000ym to m = 32000/1000 =32mm

Question 27

3 principles of cell ?

Answer 27

All living organisms are compared. Cells is basic unit of life. cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 28

Define cell?

Answer 28

Smallest unit of life.

Question 29

Define Tissue?

Answer 29

A group of similar cells performing a specific function working together.

Question 30

Define Organ system?

Answer 30

A system of organs working together.

Question 31

Define organ?

Answer 31

Different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 32

Define Organism?

Answer 32

All system working together forming discrete individual.

Question 33

Define Differentiation?

Answer 33

Process of developing into a more specialised form and function.

Question 34

Define basement membrane?

Answer 34

Extracellular membrane of proteins that surround tissues, provide structural support, filtration function, surface for cell attachment.

Question 35

Cuboidal:

Answer 35

-Simplest one cell thick for surface area. -Eg. liver/ kidneys

Question 35

Tissue types - Epithelial tissue:

Answer 35

-Continuous layers of cells on internal and external surfaces.

Question 36

Squamous:

Answer 36

-Flattened thin for gas exchange. -Eg. alveolar walls.

Question 37

Columnar:

Answer 37

-Elongated/ beat / move mucus. -Eg. trachea.

Question 38

Muscle tissue:

Answer 38

-Tissue able to contract.

Question 39

Skeletal:

Answer 39

-Striated (striped), voluntary attached to bones for locomotion.

Question 40

Smooth:

Answer 40

-Spindle- shaped cells, no strips involuntary. -Eg. Skin, digestive tract.

Question 41

Cardiac:

Answer 41

-Heart muscle, striated, short fibres, contract without nerve stimulation, does not titre. -Eg. Heart.

Question 42

Connective tissue:

Answer 42

-separates tissue and organs. -Elastic (Stretching) -Eg. blood/ bone and cartilage.

Question 43

Define abaxial?

Answer 43

Inner face

Question 43

What are plants organs in order?

Answer 43

-Root -Stem -Leafe -Flower

Question 44

Define adaxial?

Answer 44

Outer face