1.2 Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

How do we classify Organisms?

Answer 1

• Unicellular

- Multicellular

Question 2

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

• Nucleus and membrane bound organelles

- Prokaryotic cells don’t have

Question 3

What is the Cytosol?

Answer 3

Jelly like substance that suspends the organelles

Question 4

Membrane: Phospholipid Bilayer?

Answer 4

• Water loving side (Hydrophillic): Interacts with the aqueous parts of the cell
• Water hating side (hydrophobic): Avoids interaction and letting things in

Question 5

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 5

• The housing center of the genetic information

- chromosomes

Question 6

What is the process of the somatic cells?

Answer 6

-Mitosis

Question 7

Nucleus: What is the Nuclear Envelope/ Pore

Answer 7

• In addition to the cell membrane this is a covering of the nucleus
• Pore little holes that are very selective to letting things in and out

Question 8

Nucleus: Genes, histones, Chromosomes?

Answer 8

Genes: parts of the DNA
Histones: Proteins in which the DNA can wrap
Chromosome: Linear pieces condensed pieces of DNA

Question 9

Why is the location of the DNA important?

Answer 9

-The nucleus is the only region where the the DNA can be made

Question 10

What is the Nucelous?

Answer 10

• Dark spot of the Nucleus

- Production of RNA

Question 11

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 11

• Powerhouse of the cell

- All energy is made here

Question 12

What are the three layers of the Mitochondria?

Answer 12

• Inner layer (matrix)
• Outer layer
• Inner membrane spaces

Question 13

Mitochondria: Outer Layer?

Answer 13

-lets things out of the mitochondria

Question 14

Mitochondria: Inner membrane?

Answer 14

• All of the enzymes and molecules for the ETC

- known as the matrix

Question 15

How does the inner membrane spaces and matrix work?

Answer 15

• Synthesize in the matrix

- Shipped the inneer membrane spaces where it can be synthesized and shipped

Question 16

What does it mean for the mitochondria to be semi autonomous?

Answer 16

-can genetically make its own material

Question 17

Mitochondria: Apoptosis

Answer 17

-enzymes released so that will kill the cell

Question 18

What does the lysosome?

Answer 18

• Garbage

- Takes out unwanted materials from the cell

Question 19

What is autolysis?

Answer 19

-Lysosome can release enzymes that can kill the cell

Question 20

What is the endosomes?

Answer 20

-Package, ship, and sort the cell

Question 21

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 21

Studied with ribosomes

makes proteins

Question 22

Smooth ER?

Answer 22

Makes fats

Break drugs and poisonous material

Question 23

Gogli Apparatus?

Answer 23

-finishes the products and signals to vesicles where they have to go

Question 24

Vesicles?

Answer 24

-Take the product to the right area

Question 25

Exocytosis?

Answer 25

Vesicle meets to the cell membrane and it EXITS OUT

Question 26

Peroxisomes?

Answer 26

- Hydrogen peroxide - fatty acids - phsopohlipids

Question 27

What does the cytoskeleton do and what are the three areas?

Answer 27

- Backbone for the cell - Microfiliments - Microfibers - Intermediate filaments

Question 28

Microfilament: Actin

Answer 28

-Rod network that helps with structure

Question 29

Microfilaments: Myosin

Answer 29

-Helps with muscle contraction

Question 30

How does Myosin and Actin work in the cell cycle?

Answer 30

-Cytokensis the actin and myosin make the cleavage furrows

Question 31

Microtubules?

Answer 31

-Helps to create tunnels for the kinsmen and dyne muscle proteins to move

Question 32

How does this work in the cell cycle?

Answer 32

-Centrioles to attach the the kenetchores and pull the chromosomes

Question 33

Intermediate filament?

Answer 33

- cell adhesion | - cytoskelton

Question 34

Cilia?

Answer 34

Little worm like structures in the cell body

Question 35

Flagella?

Answer 35

Help the whole body move

Question 36

Epithelial tissue?

Answer 36

Cover the lining of the body | -secrete, absorb, and sensation

Question 37

Why is the epithelial tissue a basement unit?

Answer 37

Attaches to the connective tissue to keep itself as one unit

Question 38

What is parenchyma?

Answer 38

-functional part of the organ

Question 39

What does it mean that epithelial tissue is polarizable?

Answer 39

-Epithelial cells face inside and outside

Question 40

Classify the cell layers?

Answer 40

- Simple: one - Stratidied: Multiple - pseudostatified: looking like multiple layers but one layer

Question 41

What are the shapes?

Answer 41

- Cubical - Squamous - Column

Question 42

Connective tissue?

Answer 42

supports the epithelial cells

Question 43

Part of the STROMA

Answer 43

- Bone - Ligaments - Tendons - Cartliage

Question 44

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 44

-Connective tissue making collagen and elastin