Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology > 1.2 Haematopoiesis and blood cells > Flashcards

1.2 Haematopoiesis and blood cells Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Main components of blood:

A
  • maintain homeostasis
  • transport system
  • facilitate endocrine signaling
  • transport gases
  • maintain integrity of vascular system
  • immunity and infection control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Liquid phase of blood:

A
  • wbc (infection control)
  • rbc (oxygen)
  • platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prevents clotting:

A

Anti-coagulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Buffy coat =

A

wbc and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Packed cells =

A

rbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Serum =

A

Plasma without clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blood sample without anti-coagulant:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood sample with anti-coagulant:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Total body water =

A

60% of body weight
- ICF 40%
- ECF 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ECF:

A

Interstitial fluid (IF) : 80% of ECF
Plasma: 20% ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Milk fever and grass stagger are caused by?

A
  • Hypocalcemia (Ca in blood deficiency)
  • Hypomagnesium ( magnesium in blood deficiency)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plasma proteins: (6)

A

Albumin, globulins, antibody, carrier proteins, hormones, cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are your antibodies found?

A

Gamma globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Albumin:

A

Colloidal osmotic pressure in blood
- high pressure force fluid out of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Immunoglobulin (antibody):

A
  • produced in lymphoid tissue
  • circulate in the blood to the tissues
  • immunological defense system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nutrient products of metabolism:

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • lipids / fatty acid
  • Vitamins (micronutrients)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Waste products of metabolism:

A
  • urea (nitrogenous waste)
  • ketones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hematopoiesis:

A

Blood cell formation
- starts in yolk sac
- shifts to fetal liver me spleen into utero
- bone marrow post-partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main blood cell production system:

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is a major Hematopotic organ?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the bone marrow produce?

A

Production of RBCs, WBCs & platelets from precursor stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Erythroprotein (EPO)

Study These Flashcards
A

Hormone that increases production of rbc through kidneys

23
Q

__ and __ tel the bone marrow how many wbc’s to produce

Study These Flashcards
A

Hormone and cytokines

24
Q

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is produced by

Study These Flashcards
A
  • activated macrophages and regulates the number of WBCs produced
  • During infection the bone marrow is ordered to increase supplies of frontline troops.
25
Red blood cell appearance:
- Biconcave discs with high surface area : volume ratio
26
Rbc in mammals:
Lack nucleus and mitochondria / organelles in mammals
27
Rbcs in birds and reptiles =
Nucleated rbcs
28
Hemoglobin:
- Two alpha and beta protein chains - Haem group contains iron (Fe) ×4 - Gaseous exchange: (Carries O2 from lungs to tissues
29
Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?
Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haem blocking O2 transport - O2 can no longer be carried
30
Erythrocyte lineage
-Synthesis of haemoglobin -Shutdown of cellular function - Ejection of nucleus - Contraction to small biconcaved shape
31
Red blood cell turnover:
Once past cell life date they are removed by liver and spleen
32
Haemoglobin turnover
33
Jaundice = increase in
Bilirubin
34
Jaundice: pre-hepatic
Increased rbc destruction
35
Jaundice: hepatic
Liver disease
36
Jaundice: post-hepatic
Biliary stasis / blockage
37
Increased PCV / Harmatocrit can be caused by?
Dehydration – Reduced circulating volume (plasma Polycythemia vera – Often from tumour in Bone marrow or kidney (EPO)
38
Reduced PCV =
Anaemia
39
Regenerative anaemia
– Increased RBC loss (haemorrhage) – Increased RBC destruction (haemolysis)
40
Non-regenerative anaemia
– Decreased RBC production • Bone marrow disease • Systemic disease impacting on BM function
41
Regenerative anaemia: Evidence of bone marrow response to RBC deficiency
Immature RBCs are released prematurely – Bigger than normal – Less Hb than normal – May still have organelles (reticulocytes) – May still have nucleus/remnant (normoblast) **may differ in size and color
42
Feline regenerative anaemia: Mycoplasma hemofelis
Regenerative anemia
43
Feline Non-regenerative anaemia: Chronic renal failure
44
Platelets (thrombocytes) are produced by?
Produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow by cytoplasmic budding
45
Haemostasis
- Platelets adhere to damaged endothelium to form a ‘platelet plug’ - Activated platelets release vasoactive mediators (e.g. serotonin) - Release of clotting factors – Fibrinogen > Fibrin
46
Thrombocytopenia
- antibodies attack platelets - Consumption of platelets during haemorrhage - Increased destruction (immune-mediated) - Reduced production (BM defect) - Clotting disorder
47
White blood cells (leucocytes)
- Neutrophils ( most common) - Eosinophils - Basophils ( least common) - Monocytes - Lymphocytes
48
Neutrophil
- Major role in acute inflammation and bacterial infection - Granulocytes with a multilobed nucleus - Various granules containing anti-microbial factors
49
Eosinophil:
- typically seen in helminth infections and allergy – Pro-inflammatory cytokines - Granulocytes that stain red with eosin dye
50
Basophil
Relatively rare WBCs - Granules contain: – Histamine – Proteases (e.g. chymase, tryptase) – Pro-inflammatory cytokines – Chemokines
51
Tissue mast cell:
- Similar to basophil but resident in tissues - Express receptors for IgE - Degranulate to release histamine, proteases and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines - Important cells for parasite defence and also involved in allergic inflammation
52
Monocyte
- immature cell - Travels from bone marrow to tissues - Exits blood and differentiates into macrophage or dendritic cell (see later)
53
Lymphocyte:
- Small cells with round nucleus and little cytoplasm – T cells = cell-mediated immunity – B cells = antibody-mediated immunity **Lymphopenia is part of ‘stress leukogram’ and also seen in acute viral infection

Immunology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions