1.2 Level of Body Organization and Body Systems

Question 1

What are the 6 levels of organization?

Answer 1

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and and organismal

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

structures composed of chemicals and are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

Question 3

tissues

Answer 3

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

Question 4

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 4

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Question 5

epithelial tissue

Answer 5

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands

Question 6

connective tissue

Answer 6

connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissue

Question 7

muscular tissue

Answer 7

contracts (shortens) to make body parts move and generates heat in the process

Question 8

nervous tissue

Answer 8

carries information from one part of the body to another

Question 9

organs

Answer 9

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

Question 10

system

Answer 10

consists of related organs with a common function

Question 11

organism

Answer 11

any living individual

Question 12

What are the components of the integumentary system?

Answer 12

skin and structures associated with it (hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, and subcutaneous tissue)

Question 13

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 13

protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, detects sensations, stores fat, and provides insulation

Question 14

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 14

bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilage

Question 15

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 15

supports and protects the body, provides a surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movement, houses cells that produce blood cells, stores minerals and fats (lipids)

Question 16

What are the components of the muscular system?

Answer 16

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 17

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 17

participates in bringing about body movement, maintains posture, major source of heat production

Question 18

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 18

blood, heart, and blood vessels

Question 19

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 19

the heart pumps blood through blood cells, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells and helps regulate acid-base, balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

Question 20

What are the components of the lymphoid (lymphatic) system and immunity?

Answer 20

lymphatic fluid (lymph plasma), lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses

Question 21

What are the functions of the lymphoid (lymphatic) system and immunity?

Answer 21

returns proteins and fluids to the blood, carries lipids from the digestive canal to the blood, contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

Question 22

What are the components of the nervous system?

Answer 22

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (eyes and ears)

Question 23

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 23

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interrupts the change, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Question 24

What are the components of the endocrine system?

Answer 24

hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs

Question 25

What are the components of the respiratory system?

Answer 25

lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes within the lungs

Question 26

What are the components of the digestive system?

Answer 26

organs of the digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestion processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 27

What are the components of the urinary system?

Answer 27

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Question 28

What are the components of the genital (reproductive) system?

Answer 28

gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) - associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and clitoris in females and epididymides, seminal glands, prostate, ductus deferences, and penis in males)

Question 29

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 29

regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target gland

Question 30

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 30

transfers oxygen from inhaled air to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to exhaled air; helps regulate the acid-base balance of body fluids; produces sound (voice) as outgoing air vibrates the vocal cords

Question 31

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 31

achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

Question 32

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 32

produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains the body's mineral balance; helps regulate the production of red blood cells

Question 33

What are the functions of the genital (reproductive) systems?

Answer 33

gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk