12 - Limbic System (Exam 3)

Question 1

Is the limbic system a true lobe?

Answer 1

No

It is a ring

Question 2

What lobes does the limbic ‘lobe’ span across?

Answer 2

Frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

Question 3

What are the 4 major structures of the limbic system?

Answer 3

1. Hippocampus
2. Amygdala
3. Septal nuclei
4. Entorhinal area

Question 4

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

Answer 4

Memory formation and learning

Question 5

What is the amygdala responsible for?

Answer 5

Emotions and drive

Question 6

What are the septal nuclei responsible for?

Answer 6

Reward mechanisms

Question 7

What is the entorhinal area responsible for?

Answer 7

Receives sensory information and relays it to hippocampus for memory

Question 8

Functionally, what is the hypothalamus a part of?

Answer 8

The limbic system

Question 9

Hippocampus is the latin word for what?

Answer 9

Sea monster

Hippocampus resembles a seahorse

Question 10

What are the 3 major portions of the hippocampus?

Answer 10

1. Subiculum
2. Hippocampus proper
3. Dentate gyrus

Question 11

What is the transition zone of cortex within the hippocampus?

Answer 11

Subiculum

Question 12

What is the hippocampus proper mainly composed of?

Answer 12

Gray matter

Question 13

Where is the major output center of the hippocampus?

Answer 13

Hippocampus proper

specifically the fornix

Question 14

What is essential to forming new memories?

Answer 14

Neurogenesis - formation of new neurons - because new memories are always forming

Question 15

What does the only white matter in the hippocampus proper form?

Answer 15

Forms fimbria at posterior end

fimbria form the fornix

Question 16

What is the shape of the amygdala?

Answer 16

Almond shaped

Question 17

What is the amygdala primarily associated with?

Answer 17

Fear

Question 18

What are the 3 distinct nuclei of the amygdala?

Answer 18

1. Basolateral
2. Central
3. Cortical medial

Question 19

What is the function of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala?

Answer 19

Attaches emotional significance to stimuli

Question 20

What is the largest of the amygdala nuclei?

Answer 20

Basolateral nucleus

Question 21

What is the function of the central nucleus of the amygdala?

Answer 21

Regulates visceral responses to emotional stimuli

Question 22

What is the function of the cortical medial nucleus of the amygdala?

Answer 22

Plays a role in emotional responses to food

Question 23

What are the septal nuclei and what is their function?

Answer 23

Small group of nuclei on the medial wall of the frontal lobe

Role in reward and pleasurable feelings

Question 24

What does the Papez circuit connect?

Answer 24

Emotion and consciousness

Question 25

What are the 4 steps of the Papez circuit?

Answer 25

1. Cingulate cortex to hippocampus 2. Hippocampus to mammillary bodies (via fornix) 3. Mammillary bodies to thalamus anterior nuclei (via mammillothalamic tract) 4. Thalamus anterior nuclei to cingulate cortex

Question 26

What is a key structure in the extended Papez circuit that was not included in the original?

Answer 26

Amygdala | The fornix also extends to areas past MBs

Question 27

What are the 2 types of long term memory?

Answer 27

1. Explicit memory | 2. Implicit memory

Question 28

What is short term memory also referred to as?

Answer 28

Working memory

Question 29

What is explicit memory also referred to as?

Answer 29

Declarative memory

Question 30

What is implicit memory also referred to as?

Answer 30

Nondeclarative memory

Question 31

What are the 2 types of explicit memory?

Answer 31

1. Episodic (events) | 2. Semantic (facts)

Question 32

What are the 4 types of implicit memory?

Answer 32

1. Skills 2. Habits 3. Emotional memory 4. Conditioned reflexes (like Pavlov's dog)

Question 33

Alzheimer's is involved with the degeneration of what in the brain?

Answer 33

Norepinephrine systems

Question 34

How are emotions and memory connected?

Answer 34

Highly emotional events produce stronger memories

Question 35

What is fear conditioning?

Answer 35

Where a neural stimulus becomes associated with an adverse event. Dr. Aslakson stays away from electrical outlets so her mom doesn't yell at her

Question 36

How do positive and negative feelings have effects on our behavior?

Answer 36

Positive feelings are associated with reward Negative feelings are associated with fear Cat video with spooky hats