12 - Muscle structure / metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diameter and length of skeletal muscle?

A

Diameter - 10-100 micrometer

Length - 1-40 millimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is each muscle in an antagonist pair called?

A

Agonist

Synergist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give some roles of skeletal muscles? e.g. posture

A

breathing, posture, locomotion, prehension, mastication, swallowing, vision, temperature regulation, food supply, venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the levels of organisation in muscle?

A

Muscle -> Fascicles (e.g. tendon) -> Fibres -> Fibrils -> Filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the stages of skeletal muscle fibre development?

A

Differentiation -> cell division -> cell fusion -> myotubes > cell growth (myofibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the components of a muscle cell? (8)

A

Basil Lamina, Plasmalemma, Nuclei, Myofibrils-myofilaments, Mitochondria, Glycogen/lipid

T Tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the contractile apparatus of one sarcomere?

A

Z lines
actin filaments
myosin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the components of actin? (thin filament)

A

Tropomyosin
Troponin complex
G actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling

A

an action potential arrives to depolarize the cell membrane. this depolarization results in an increase in cytosolic calcium that is called a calcium transient. This increase in calcium activates calcium-sensitive contractile proteins that then use ATP to cause cell shortening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does energy for E-C coupling come from?

A
With increasing importance:
-Stored ATP
• Stored ADP
• Stored Creatine Phosphate (CP)
• Anaerobic metabolism
• Aerobic metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give some functional sysems that may suffer primary damage in disease OR can be improved with exercise training

A
- Ion fluxes
• Neuromuscular 
transmission
• Excitation-contraction 
coupling
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• mRNA transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a normal vs exercised CK level

A
Normal = 100IU
Exercised = 250IU
Diseased = 10,000IU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly