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DT Paper 1 Revision > 1.2 Performance characteristics of materials - Metals > Flashcards

1.2 Performance characteristics of materials - Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What are metals? (5)

A
  • Are a naturally occurring material
  • mined from the ground
  • Approx. 25% of earth’s crust is made up of metal ores
  • Bauxite is the most common
  • Metals is extracted through a combination of crushing, smelting and heating with addition of chemicals and huge amounts of electrical energy
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2
Q

What ore does copper come from

A

Chalcopyrite

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3
Q

What ore does aluminium come from

A

Bauxite

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4
Q

What ore does tin come from

A

Cassiterite

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5
Q

What ore does zinc come from

A

Zinc blende

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6
Q

What are non ferrous metals

A

Are metals which don’t contain iron

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7
Q

What are ferrous metals (2)

A
  • Are metals containing mostly iron and carbon
  • Are magnetic and will rust
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8
Q

What are alloys

A

A metals made for two or more metals, or combing two or more elements, one of which must be a metal

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9
Q

Example of non ferrous metals (7)

A

• Aluminium • Copper • Zinc • Silver • Gold • Titanium • Tin

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10
Q

Examples of ferrous metals (3)

A

• Low carbon steel • Medium carbon steel • Cast iron

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11
Q

Examples of ferrous alloys

A

• Stainless steel • High speed steel (HSS) • Die steel (tool steel)

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12
Q

Example of non-ferrous alloys (4)

A

• Bronze • Brass • Duralumin • Pewter

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13
Q

Properties of aluminium (7)

A
  • Lightweight
  • Ductile
  • Malleable
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Electrical and thermal conductor
  • Can be (MIG) and (TIG) heat welded
  • Melting temp 660°C
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14
Q

Uses of aluminium (6)

A
  • Drink cans
  • Aircraft bodies
  • Bike frames
  • Window frames
  • Packaging
  • Baking foil
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15
Q

Uses of copper (5)

A
  • Electrical wire
  • Printed Electrical circuits
  • Water pipes
  • Hot water tanks
  • Central heating pipes
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16
Q

Properties of copper (7)

A
  • Ductile
  • Malleable
  • Tough
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Good Electrical and thermal conductor
  • Can be soldered and brazed • Melting temp 1083°C
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17
Q

Properties of zinc (3)

A
  • Low melting point
  • Good Corrosion resistance
  • Melting temp 420°C
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18
Q

Uses of Zinc (4)

A
  • Galvanising steel as protective coating for dustbins
  • Buckets
  • Farm gates
  • Intricate die castings
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19
Q

Properties of silver (5)

A
  • Malleable
  • Ductile
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Can be soldered
  • Melting temp 962°C
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20
Q

Uses of silver (3)

A
  • Jewellery
  • Cutlery
  • Used for plating other materials
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21
Q

Properties of gold (5)

A
  • Malleable
  • Ductile
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Can be soldered
  • Melting temp 1063°C
22
Q

Uses of Gold (4)

A
  • Jewellery
  • Electronic components
  • Connectors
  • Switch components
23
Q

Properties of titanium (4)

A
  • Hard
  • Similar strength to steels but more lightweight
  • High resistance to Corrosion
  • Melting temp 1668°C
24
Q

Uses of titanium (8)

A
  • Joint replacements
  • Tooth implants
  • Spectacle frames
  • Aircraft
  • Spacecraft
  • Golf clubs
  • Bicycles
  • Ship hulls
25
Q

Properties of tin (5)

A
  • Ductile
  • Malleable
  • Low Melting point
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Melting temp 232°C
26
Q

Uses of tin (3)

A
  • Soft solder
  • Coatings for food cans
  • Rarely used in pure form
27
Q

Properties of low carbon steel (7)

A
  • Ductile
  • High tensile strength
  • Tough
  • Malleable
  • Poor resistance to Corrosion
  • 0.15-0.30% carbon content
  • Melting temp 1427°C
28
Q

Uses of low carbon steel (6)

A
  • Nuts
  • Bolts
  • Washers
  • Screws
  • Car bodies
  • Outer panels for white goods
29
Q

Properties of medium carbon steel (3)

A
  • Harder than low carbon steel but less Ductile
  • Malleable and Tough
  • 0.30-0.70% carbon content
30
Q

Uses of medium carbon steel (2)

A
  • Springs
  • Gardening tools (trowels, forks)
31
Q

Properties of cast iron (4)

A
  • Hard outer skin but brittle core
  • Good under compression
  • 3.5% carbon
  • Melting temp 1149°C
32
Q

Uses of cast iron (6)

A
  • Disc brakes
  • Machine parts
  • Engine blocks
  • Sheet Furniture e.g decorative bollards
  • Bins
  • Lighting
33
Q

Properties of stainless steel (5)

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Corrosion resistant
  • 18% chrome, 8% nickel
  • Melting temp 1510°C
34
Q

Uses of stainless steel (3)

A
  • Sinks
  • Kitchenware
  • Cutlery
35
Q

Properties of high speed steel (HSS) (4)

A
  • Hard
  • Tough
  • High level of resistance to frictional heat
  • 18% tungsten 4% chromium 1% vanadium 0.5-0.8% carbon
36
Q

Uses of high speed steel (HSS) (4)

A
  • Tool blades
  • Drill bits
  • Milling cutters
  • Router bits
37
Q

Properties of die steel (tool steel) (2)

A
  • Hard
  • Tough
38
Q

Uses of die steel (tool steel) (3)

A
  • Blanking pushes and dies
  • Extruder dies
  • Fine press tools
39
Q

Properties of bronze (5)

A
  • Tough
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Can be cast
  • 90% copper 10% tin
  • Melting temp 850-1000°C
40
Q

Uses of bronze (3)

A
  • Statues
  • Coins
  • Bearings
41
Q

Properties of brass (6)

A
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Good Electrical and thermal conductor
  • Low melting point
  • Casts well
  • 65% copper 35% zinc
  • Melting temp 930°C
42
Q

Uses of brass (4)

A
  • Boats fittings
  • Door Furniture
  • Cast valves and taps
  • Ornaments
43
Q

Properties of duralumin (4)

A
  • Equivalent strength properties to low carbon steel but more lightweight
  • Ductile
  • Becomes harder as it’s worked
  • 4% copper 1% magnesium and manganese
44
Q

Uses of duralumin (2)

A
  • Aircraft parts
  • Vehicle parts
45
Q

Properties of pewter (5)

A
  • Malleable
  • Low melting point
  • Casts well
  • 85-99% tin, with remainder consisting of copper and antimony
  • Melting temp 170-230°C
46
Q

Uses of pewter (7)

A
  • Tankards
  • Flasks
  • Goblets
  • Photo frames
  • Decorative items
  • Candlesticks
  • Sports trophies
47
Q

Metal stock forms (5)

A
  • Sheet - large flat sections of metal in varying thicknesses from less than 1mm up to approximately 3mm
  • Plate - is generally thicker than 3mm and narrower than sheet metals
  • Bar - is solid form, flat bar, square bar, round bar or heaxagonal bar
  • Tube - is hollow in cross-section and can be quads, rectangular round or hexagonal
  • Structural angular - shapes such as H beams, L beams, I beams, tee bar and channel
48
Q

How is aluminium suitable for Aircraft bodies? (3)

A
  • Aluminium is lightweight and strong
  • Aluminium doesn’t corrode as readily compared to steels
  • Aluminium holds its strength at higher temperatures
49
Q

How is aluminium suitable for bike frames? (3)

A
  • corrosion resistant asking it last longer
  • Fairly lightweight
  • High strength-to-weight ration
50
Q

How is aluminium suitable for window frames? (2)

A
  • Robust especially when exposed to the elements
  • Unaffected by UV rays
51
Q

How is aluminium suitable for packaging and foil?

A

Provides a complete barrier to light, oxygen, moisture and bacteria

52
Q

How is aluminium suitable for drink cans? (5)

A
  • Malleable which allows the can to be deep drawn into shape
  • Lightweight which makes it easy to lift and transport
  • A food shape material, user won’t be poisoned when drinking from the can
  • Doesn’t rust in contact with the liquid
  • Easily recyclable due to low melting point

DT Paper 1 Revision (9 decks)

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