1.2 - Pharmacologic Principles | Key Terms

Question 1

additive effects

Answer 1

when 2+ drugs with similar actions result in a combined effect equal to the sim of their individual effects (taking acetaminophen and ibuprofen together for pain results in increased pain relief)

Question 2

adverse drug event

Answer 2

an undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a drug (patient hospitalized after wrong dosage)

Question 3

adverse drug reaction

Answer 3

unexpected or excessive response to a drug at therapeutic doses *overdose (sever rash after taking antibiotic)

Question 4

adverse effects

Answer 4

general term for unwanted effects due to a drug (nausea caused by chemotherapy)

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

a drug that binds to receptors and activates them (morphine activated opioid receptors)

Question 6

allergic reaction

Answer 6

immune hypersensitivity response to a medication (anaphylaxis after penicillin)

Question 7

antagonist

Answer 7

a drug that blocks receptor activity (Naloxone blocks opioid effects)

Question 8

antagonistic effects

Answer 8

2+ drugs produce a reduced effect together than individually (beta blockers reduce effects of beta antagonist [propranolol + albuterol])

Question 9

bioavailability

Answer 9

the extent a drug is absorbed and available in the bloodstream (IV drugs have 100% bioavailability)

Question 10

biotransformation

Answer 10

chemical changes a drug undergoes in the body, mainly the liver (codeine is metabolized to morphine)

Question 11

blood-brain barrier

Question 12

chemical name

Question 13

contraindication

Answer 13

a reason to withhold a drug due to potential harm (avoid warfarin in pregnant women)

Question 14

cytochrome p-450

Question 15

dependence

Answer 15

body or mind relies on a drug to function (needing opioids to avoid withdrawal)

Question 16

dissolution

Question 17

drug

Answer 17

a chemical that alters bodily functions (caffeine boosts alertness)

Question 18

drug actions

Question 19

drug classification

Question 20

drug effects

Question 21

drug induced teratogenesis

Question 22

drug interaction

Question 23

duration of action

Answer 23

how long a drug’s effects last (Ibuprofen reduces pain for about 4-6 hours)

Question 24

enzymes

Question 25

first-pass effect

Answer 25

Liver metabolizes oral drugs before they enter circulation (oral nitroglycerin loses potency due to first-pass)

Question 26

generic name

Question 27

clucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Question 28

half-life

Answer 28

Time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated from the body (a drug with 8-hour half-life takes 8 hours to halve)

Question 29

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 29

unexpected, rare, and abnormal reaction to a drug (seizure after taking Benadryl)

Question 30

incompatibility

Answer 30

two drugs chemically react badly together (mixing penicillin and gentamicin causes crystallization)

Question 31

intraarterial

Question 32

intraarticular

Question 33

intrathecal

Question 34

medication error

Question 35

medication use process

Question 36

metabolite

Question 37

onset of action

Question 38

p-glycoprotein

Question 39

parent drug

Question 40

peak effect

Question 41

peak level

Question 42

pharmaceutics

Question 43

pharmacodynamics

Answer 43

how drugs affect the body (beta blockers reduce heart rate by blocking receptors)

Question 44

pharmaeconomics

Question 45

pharmacogenomics

Question 46

pharmacognosy

Question 47

pharmacokinetics

Question 48

pharmacology

Question 49

pharmacotherapeutics

Question 50

produrg

Question 51

prototypical drug

Question 52

receptor

Question 53

steady state

Question 54

substrates

Question 55

synergistic effects

Question 56

therapeutic drug monitoring

Question 57

therapeutic effect

Question 58

therapeutic index

Question 59

tolerance

Question 60

toxic

Question 61

toxicity

Question 62

toxicology

Question 63

trade name

Question 64

trough level