1.2 Progress In Education (little Rock And Brown V Topeka) Flashcards
(23 cards)
By 1950……………
Many southern southern states had desgregated schools
Who was Linda Brown?
A black child who had to pass a white school to travel futher to a black school
What did Linda Brown’s mother and many other parents do in 1951?
They went to court to fight for their children’s right to go to the nearest school
They lost because of PLESSY
What did PLESSY allow?
Segregation because of the “seperate but equal idea”
What do the NAACP do in 1952 and what does this become known as?
-bundle all five school desgregation cases togther and bring them to the supreme court. This became known as Brown V Topeka
By September 1952, there was no ruling from the supreme court in the Brown V Topeka, what changed to create a ruling?
Pro segregation judge dies and anti segregationist Earl Warren becomes a Judge and then Chief justice
What happens in May 1954?
Supreme court overturn Plessy and demand schools to desgregate
Two positive outcomes of the supreme court ordering schools to be desegregated in May 1954?
- plessy reversed
- more desegregation campaigns in the future
Evidence of desegregation in schools?
723 school districts desegregated by 1957
Three negative outcomes of the supreme court ordering the desegregation of schools in 1954?
- White citizens council set up
- increased KKK membership
- white parents threaten black kids
- black teachers face trouble from white students
What was the original plan in Arkansas?
Gradual desegregation
Amount of black kids who apply, get accepted and turn up to little rock high schools for the start of the year in 1957?
Why did so little turn up?
- 75 apply
- 25 accepted
- 9 turn up
Only 9 turn up because of the threats from white families
What does the Govenor of Arkansas do to stop the black kids entering the school?
-sends 250 state troops to prevent them from entering
What do the NAACP and school board do in response to the govenor of Arkansas sending 250 state troops to prevent them from entering the school?
-arrange for the black kids to miss the first day of school and come in together on the next day
Who doesn’t get the NACCP message?
Elizabeth Eckford
What happened to Elizabeth Eckford when she reached little rock alone?
State troops turned their back on her and she was left to the crowd who were chanting “lynch her”
Why does Eisenhower order Fabus to remove state troops from little rock”
The photography of the incident made them look bad
What happens in response to Eisenhower ordering Fabus to remove the state troops?
- Fabus removes the state troops but there are riots
- 24th September 1957- Eisenhower sends 1000 federal troops to little rock
What does Fabus do in response to Eisenhower sending 1000 federal troops to little rock?
-he closes schools for a year
A negative consequences of little rock?
KKK bombings
Why did the supreme court rule “massive resistance” is illegal in 1959?
Senator of Virginia demanded “massive resistance” to the desegregation of school and said if any schools desegregated, he would close them
What were 3 suttle ways schools resisted desegregation?
- segregation within a school
- only letting a few black kids into each year group
- only desegregating a few schools in an area
What year is little rock?
1957
