1.2 ultrastructure of cells vocab Flashcards
(38 cards)
70S
The size of prokaryotic ribosomes.
80S
The size of eukaryotic ribosomes
Eukaryote
Organisms with a membrane-bound nuclei.
Prokaryote
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.
Binary fission
Method of prokaryotic cell division.
Compartmentalization
Seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.
Endoplasmic reticulum [ER]
Site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.
Naked DNA
DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.
Scanning electron microscope
An electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image to map the surface of objects
Extracellular matrix
A network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.
Flagellum
A relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.
Golgi apparatus
A eukaryotic organelle that sorts and modifies proteins after translation.
Histone
A protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.
Lysosome
A cellular organelle, containing digestive enzymes, involved in intercellular cellular digestion.
Nucleus
A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.
Svedberg unit
Unit of molecule size based on the position that material settles out in a centrifuge tube after spinning. Larger particles tend to settle out faster and so have higher Svedberg values.
Organelle
A sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.
Palisade mesophyll
A photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.
Pilli
Extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction and adherence to surfaces.
Archaea
A domain of prokaryotes.
Bacteria
A domain of prokaryotes.
rER
Rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.
Resolution
The ability to see adjacent objects or structures as distinct from each other.
Ribosome
Organelle involved in protein synthesis.
