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sl bio > 1.2 ultrastructure of cells vocab > Flashcards

1.2 ultrastructure of cells vocab Flashcards

1
Q

70S

A

The size of prokaryotic ribosomes.

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2
Q

80S

A

The size of eukaryotic ribosomes

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3
Q

Eukaryote

A

Organisms with a membrane-bound nuclei.

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.

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5
Q

Binary fission

A

Method of prokaryotic cell division.

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6
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum [ER]

A

Site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.

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8
Q

Naked DNA

A

DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.

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9
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

An electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image to map the surface of objects

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10
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

A network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.

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11
Q

Flagellum

A

A relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A eukaryotic organelle that sorts and modifies proteins after translation.

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13
Q

Histone

A

A protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

A cellular organelle, containing digestive enzymes, involved in intercellular cellular digestion.

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.

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16
Q

Svedberg unit

A

Unit of molecule size based on the position that material settles out in a centrifuge tube after spinning. Larger particles tend to settle out faster and so have higher Svedberg values.

17
Q

Organelle

A

A sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.

18
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

A photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.

19
Q

Pilli

A

Extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction and adherence to surfaces.

20
Q

Archaea

A

A domain of prokaryotes.

21
Q

Bacteria

A

A domain of prokaryotes.

22
Q

rER

A

Rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.

23
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to see adjacent objects or structures as distinct from each other.

24
Q

Ribosome

A

Organelle involved in protein synthesis.

25
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete their products into ducts.

26
Q

Nucleoid

A

A region of the prokaryotic cell where the single molecule of DNA is located.

27
Q

sER

A

Endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes new membrane and lipids and does not have ribosomes attached.

28
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

An electron microscope that produces two-dimensional images as cross-sections.

29
Q

Ultrastructure

A

The detailed structure of a biological entity.

30
Q

Protists

A

A kingdom of eukaryotes of unicellular organisms; or multicellular organisms without specialised tissue.

31
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Site of aerobic respiration.

32
Q

Centriole

A

A tiny organelle consisting of nine paired microtubules, arranged in a short hollow cylinder. In animals, there is a pair arranged at right angles, forming a centrosome.

33
Q

Magnification

A

The ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible.

34
Q

Micrograph

A

A photo or digital image taken through a microscope to show a magnified image of a specimen

35
Q

Cytosol

A

Internal fluid of a cell, minus all the organelles.

36
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All the internal contents of a cell, minus the nucleus.

37
Q

Tonoplast

A

The membrane surrounding the large vacuole(s) in a plant cell.

38
Q

Plasmid

A

A circular extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.

sl bio (6 decks)

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