12. Weightbearing, the Back and Locomotion Flashcards
(22 cards)
What happens if damage occurs above T1?
Quadriplegia
What happens if damage occurs between T1 and L5?
Paraplegia
Which spinal curves are convex?
Thoracic
Sacral
Also known as kyphosis and primary curves
Which spinal curves are concave?
Cervical and lumbar
Also known as lordosis and secondary curves
What spinal abnormalities may occur?
Excess lordosis
Excess kyphosis
Scoliosis
What ligaments are associated with the vertebrae?
Anterior longitudal Posterior longitudal Ligamentum flavin Interspinous Supraspinous
What is a motion segment composed of?
2 adjacent vertebrae
Intervertebral disc
Connecting ligaments
2 facet joints and capsules
What is the function of the nucleus pulposus?
Allows vertebrae to roll during flexion, extension and lateral bending
What is the function of the annulus fibrosis?
Holds vertebrae together
Which direction with a herniated disc protrude and why?
Posterolaterally
Due to posterior longitudal ligaments
What symptoms would a herniated disc at L4/5 result in?
Leg pain
Weak movement
Diagnosed by sciatic stretch
What symptoms would a herniated disc at L5/S1 result in?
Pain, weakness
Absent tendon reflex
Diagnose with sciatic stretch
What symptoms would a herniated disc at L3/4 result in?
Anterior thigh pain
Weak quads
Absent tendon reflex
Femoral stretch
What does the sciatic stretch test test for?
Lumbosacral root irritation
What does the femoral stretch test test for?
Entrapment of femoral nerve and L2-4 roots
What happens in degeneration of vertebrae?
Cartilage is replaced by bone and the overgrowths rub together
What are bumps in bone called?
Osteophytes
What is cauda equina syndrome?
Midline herniation
Bilateral lower lumbar weakness
Numbness
Loss of bladder control
What are the extrinsic back muscles?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
What are the intrinsic back muscles?
Erector spinae
Splenius muscles
Transversospinal muscles
What are the phases of walking?
Initial contact Flat foot Mid stance Heel lift Toe off
What types of abnormal gaits are there?
Hemiplegic Antalgic Trendelenberg High-stepping Festination
