Cervical spine

Question 1

Flexion (antagonists on extension)

Answer 1

• Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally)
• Anterior scalene (bilaterally)
• Longus capitis (bilaterally)
• Longus colli (bilaterally)

Question 2

Extension (antagonists on flexion)

Answer 2

• Trapezius (upper fibers, bilaterally)
• Levator scapula (bilaterally)
• Splenius capitis (bilaterally)
• Splenius cervicis (bilaterally)
• Rectus capitis posterior major
• Rectus capitis posterior minor
• Oblique capitis superior
• Semispinalis capitis
• Longissimus capitis (assists)
• Longissimus cervicis (assists)
• Iliocostalis cervicis (assists)
• Multifidi (bilaterally)
• Rotatores (bilaterally)
• Intertransversarii (bilaterally)
• Interspinalis

Question 3

Rotation (unilaterally to the same side)

Answer 3

• Levator scapula
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis
• Rectus capitis posterior major
• Oblique capitis inferior
• Longus colli
• Longus capitis
• Longissimus capitis (assists)
• Longissimus cervicis (assists)
• Iliocostalis cervicis (assists)

Question 4

Rotation (unilaterally to the opposite side)

Answer 4

• Trapezius (upper fibers)
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Anterior scalene
• Middle scalene
• Posterior scalene
• Multifidi
• Rotatores

Question 5

Lateral flexion (unilaterally to the same side)

Answer 5

• Trapezius (upper fibers)
• Levator scapula
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Anterior scalene (with ribs fixed)
• Middle scalene (with ribs fixed)
• Posterior scalene (with ribs fixed)
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis
• Longus capitis
• Longus colli
• Longissimus capitis (assists)
• Longissimus cervicis (assists)
• Iliocostalis cervicis (assists)
• Oblique capitis superior
• Intertransversarii