Unit 1 Part 2 - Terminology Flashcards
hindsight bias
tendency to believe that after learning and outcome that one would have foreseen it
theory
explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis
testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition
carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
ex: sleep deprived, human intelligence
replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
case study (3)
descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
intrinsic (uniqueness), instrumental (specific for general understanding), collective (many at once)
naturalistic observation
descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring situation without manipulating or controlling the situation
does not explain, just describes
survey
descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes of a particular group, usually by questioning a random sample of the group
sampling bias
flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
population
all those in a group being studied
random sample
fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance at inclusion
correlation
measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
correlation coefficient
statistical index of the relationship between two things
illusory correlation
perceiving a relationship where none or little to none exists
regression towards the mean
tendency for extreme or unusual scores or events to fall back to the average