Chapter 4: Periodic Table

Question 1

Ancient Greeks thought that all matter in the universe was made of only how many elements?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Do the symbols of each element always use just two letters?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Who recognized groups of three elements with similar properties?

Answer 3

Johann Doberiener

Question 4

How did the ideas of triads influence the development of the periodic table, even though more than three elements share similar properties?

Answer 4

-Established element families
-Established element groups numbered 1-18
-Gave rise to the idea of octaves.

Question 5

Who observed that when the elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass, every eighth element often had similar properties?

Answer 5

John Newlands

Question 6

What was the unique feature of Mendeleev’s classification method?

Answer 6

The blank spaces that he left between elements.

Question 7

Do the properties of elements vary in a periodic way?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Which scientist’s discoveries led to organization the periodic table using atomic numbers rather than atomic mass?

Answer 8

Henry Mosely

Question 9

What is the modern periodic table arranged by?

Answer 9

Atomic number

Question 10

Elements in the same ________ on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

Answer 10

Column

Question 11

How many periods does the modern periodic table have?

Answer 11

7

Question 12

How many groups does the modern periodic table have?

Answer 12

18

Question 13

Is a family the same as a period on a periodic table?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

The first two elements of the periodic table, hydrogen and helium, are in the same what?

Answer 14

Period

Question 15

How would a highly conductive, malleable, and lustrous solid most likely be classified?

Answer 15

Metal

Question 16

What are the general properties of metals?

Answer 16

Dense, lusterous, highly conductive, reactive, malleable, ductile, have few valence electrons

Question 17

What group is highly conductive and reactive?

Answer 17

Metals

Question 18

What group are ductile, malleable, and lusterous?

Answer 18

Metals

Question 19

What group includes almost 80% of the elements?

Answer 19

Metals

Question 20

Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?

Answer 20

Along the stair step line

Question 21

What group exists naturally as a gas, liquid, or a dull solid?

Answer 21

Nonmetals

Question 22

Which group are semiconductors?

Answer 22

Metalloids

Question 23

Which group possesses four to eight valence electrons?

Answer 23

Nonmetals

Question 24

Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

Answer 24

To the right, but not touching the stair step line.

Question 25

Which group are brittle solids with metallic luster a part of?

Answer 25

Metalloids

Question 26

What group would alkali metals be located in?

Answer 26

1

Question 27

How many valence electrons do the alkaline-earth metals have?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What elements make up Group 2?

Answer 28

Alkaline-earth metals

Question 29

What type of group are alkaline metals in?

Answer 29

Group 1

Question 30

How many valence electrons do alkali metals have?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

What elements make up groups 3-12?

Answer 31

Transition metals

Question 32

Why are halogens an unreactive family?

Answer 32

They have eight valence electrons.

Question 33

How many valence electrons do noble gases have?

Answer 33

2 or 8

Question 34

What elements make up groups 13-16?

Answer 34

Mixed groups

Question 35

How many valence electrons does every element in halogen have?

Answer 35

7

Question 36

What is included in an element’s electron dot notation?

Answer 36

Element’s chemical symbol number of its valence electrons.

Question 37

Does the atomic radius generally decreases from top to bottom down a column on the periodic table?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Are atomic radius and electronegativity closely related?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Are alkali metals very reactive?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

How many valence electrons do most transition metals have?

Answer 40

1 or 2

Question 41

What type of ions do alkaline-earth metals form?

Answer 41

2+ Cation

Question 42

How many valence electrons do most transition elements have?

Answer 42

1 or 2

Question 43

How many valence electrons does silicon have?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

What affects the size of an element’s atomic radius?

Answer 44

The number of energy levels and additional protons.

Question 45

Does electronegativity generally decrease from top to bottom down a column on the period table?

Answer 45

Yes