Extraneous Variables

Question 1

Have unintended influence on the DV

Answer 1

Extraneous variables

Question 2

It increases the variability within the group and makes it harder to see effects.

Answer 2

Nuisance variables

Question 3

Change the difference between groups, either increasing or decreasing treatment effect

Answer 3

Confounders (confounding variables)

Question 4

Keeping all aspects of treatment conditions as nearly similar as possible if we cannot eliminate an extraneous variable

Answer 4

Constancy conditions

Question 5

Distributing the effects of an extraneous variable across the different treatment conditions of the experiment

Answer 5

Balancing

Question 6

Assign people treatments with equal probability

Answer 6

Randomization

Question 7

Remove variable entirely

Answer 7

Elimination

Question 8

Turn a variable into a constant

Answer 8

Constancy

Question 9

Reversing order of stimuli with conditions

Answer 9

Counterbalancing

Question 10

Variable. Qualities of the relationships between subjects and experimenters that can influence results

Answer 10

Social variables

Question 11

Aspects of the experimental solution that demand that people behave in a particular way

Answer 11

Demand characteristics

Question 12

An experiment in which subjects do not know which treatment they are getting

Answer 12

Single-blind experiments

Question 13

Experiments used to control demand characteristics

Answer 13

Single-blind experiments and cover stories

Question 14

Plausible but false explanation for the procedures used in the study in order to disguise the research hypothesis so that the subjects will not guess it

Answer 14

Cover stories

Question 15

The experimenter does something that creates confounding in the experiment

Answer 15

Experimenter bias

Question 16

Experimenter might treat subjects differently on what they expect from them

Answer 16

Rosenthal effect (Pygmalion effect)

Question 17

A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to act in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations

Answer 17

Behavioral confirmation

Question 18

Make constant
Balance or counterbalance
Remove experimenter

Answer 18

Controlling experiment effect

Question 19

Script experimenter contact
Eliminate the person (use a machine)
Use single blind in which experimenter is not told information about participants

Answer 19

Controlling experimenter expectancy

Question 20

Suitability
Precedent (standard)
Availability
Number of participants

Answer 20

Choosing participants

Question 21

An experiment in which the subjects do not know which treatment they are in, and the experimenter does not know either

Answer 21

Double-blind experiments

Question 22

Experiment used to control experimenter bias

Answer 22

Double-blind experiments

Question 23

Variable. Also known as personal characteristics or the behavior of the experimenter and can greatly influence the reactions the experimenter gets with his/her subject

Answer 23

Personality variables

Question 24

People who score high at the social desirability scale and collects more and better data.

Answer 24

Likeable experimenters

Question 25

Subjects that are more likely to be more sociable and socially desirable as well as tend to hold more liberal, social, and political attitudes. Less authoritarian

Answer 25

Volunteer subjects

Question 26

Variables that come from the procedures created by the environment, context, or of the research setting

Answer 26

Context variables