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lifespan development > Chapter 5: motor, sensory, and perceptual Development > Flashcards

Chapter 5: motor, sensory, and perceptual Development Flashcards

1
Q

dynamic systems theory

A

infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting

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2
Q

motor behaviors are the result of…

A

body’s physical properties, nervous system development, the child’s goal and environmental support

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3
Q

reflexes allow infants to…

A

respond adaptively to the environment before they have had the opportunity to learn.

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4
Q

rooting reflex

A

when an infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched, the infant turns its head and tried to find something to suck

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5
Q

sucking reflex

A

occurs when infants suck an object placed in their mouth

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6
Q

moro reflex

A

a startle response to sudden, intense noise or movement (ie. newborns arch their back or throw back their head)

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7
Q

grasping reflex

A

infants tightly grasp any object placed in their palm

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8
Q

gross motor skills

A

involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms or walking

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9
Q

development of gross motor skills requires…

A

requires postural control

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10
Q

dynamic processes are linked with… (3)

A
  1. sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles to sense where we are
  2. vestibular organs to regulate balance
  3. vision and hearing
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11
Q

which 2 things are linked to learning to walk and sitting upright?

A

locomotion and postural control

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12
Q

in the second year of life infant are able to…

A

explore the environment more extensively and initiate social interactions

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13
Q

infants’ development of a skill requires…

A

considerable behavioral flexibility

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14
Q

boys usually outperform girls in ________

A

gross motor skills

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15
Q

girls usually outperform boys in ______

A

fine motor skills

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16
Q

decline in general biological functioning begins at the age of ___

A

30

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17
Q

leading cause of injury death in adults 65+

A

Falls

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18
Q

fine motor skills

A

involve finley tuned movements, such as any task requiring finger dexterity

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19
Q

palmer grasp in infants

A

grasp with whole hand

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20
Q

pincer grip in infants

A

grab small objects with thumb and forefinger

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21
Q

perceptual-motor coupling is necessary to…

A

coordinate grasping

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22
Q

the improvement of fine motor skills is supported by…..

A

increased myelination of the central nervous system

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23
Q

children begin to show manipulative skills such as complex, intricate, and rapid movements similar to the abilities of adults at ages….

A

ages 10-12

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24
Q

gross and fine motor skills are associated with….

A

cognitive function

25
Q

sensation

A

reaction that occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors

26
Q

sensory receptors

A

eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin

27
Q

cochlea and auditory nerve

A

hearing

28
Q

retina and optic nerve

A

vision

29
Q

perception

A

interpretation of what is sensed

30
Q

an ecological view of sensation and perception

A

we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us and perception brings people in contact with the environment in order to interact with it and adapt

31
Q

affordances

A

opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities
ie. a pot you cook with can also be something you bang on

32
Q

perceptual narrowing

A

distinguishing between known and unknown faces and new faces

33
Q

sensory stimulation is _______ but perception remains ______

A

sensory is changing
perception is constant

34
Q

size constancy

A

recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image changes

35
Q

shape constancy

A

recognition that an object remins the same shape even though its orientation to us changes

36
Q

visual perception of depth is affected by….

A

experience

37
Q

infants use binocular cues to depth by age….

A

3-4 months of age

38
Q

children become increasingly efficient in detecting boundaries between colors at ages….

A

3-4 years olf

39
Q

many preschool children are…

A

farsighted

40
Q

by first grade, most children can…

A

focus their eyes and sustain attention effectively on close-up objects

41
Q

visual decline in late adulthood is linked to…

A

cognitive decline and having fewer social contacts

42
Q

declines in vision because of age include…

A

visual acuity, color vision, and depth perception

43
Q

accommodation of the eye

A

the eye’s ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina
- declines most sharply between 40-59 years olf

44
Q

presbyopia

A

difficulty viewing close objects and an increased blind spot

45
Q

color vision may decline in which part of our eye’s color spectrum as we age?

A

green-blue-violet color spectrum

46
Q

cataracts

A

a thickening of the lens of the eye which causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted

47
Q

glaucoma

A

damage to the optic nerve due to pressure created by fluid buildup in the eye

48
Q

macular degeneration

A

causes deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field and unable to see clearly in front

49
Q

during the last 2 months of pregnancy the fetus can…

A

hear sounds outside the womb

50
Q

by 6 months infants become more proficient at…

A

localization or detecting the origin of a sound

51
Q

hearing can start to decline by the age of…

A

40 years old

52
Q

dual sensory loss in vision and hearing has been linked to…

A

-reduced social participation
-less social support
- increased loneliness
- greater functional limitations
- cognitive decline
- communication problems
-depressive symptoms

53
Q

what percentage of older adults report some persistent pain?

A

60%-75%

54
Q

can newborns differentiate odors?

A

yes

55
Q

when does the decrease in the sensitivity to smell generally become noticeable?

A

60s

56
Q

when do infants begin to prefer salty tastes?

A

4 months

57
Q

intermodal perception

A

the ability to integrate information about two or more sensory modalities, such as vision or hearing

58
Q

Nativist view on perception

A

Nativists view the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way as inborn or innate

59
Q

Empiricists’ view on perception

A

empiricists emphasize the role of learning and experience

lifespan development (10 decks)

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