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Lifespan Development > Chapter 10: emotions > Flashcards

Chapter 10: emotions Flashcards

1
Q

emotion

A

feeling (affect) that occurs in a state or an interaction that is important to a person, especially to well-being

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2
Q

positive emotions

A

enthusiasm, joy, love

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3
Q

negative emotions

A

anxiety, anger, guilt, sadness

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4
Q

emotions are influenced by…

A
  • biological foundations
  • cognitive processes
  • experience
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5
Q

social relationships provide….

A

the setting for development

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6
Q

cultural variations characterize…

A

emotional development

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7
Q

emotion regulation

A

consists of effectively managing arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal

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8
Q

arousal

A

a state of alertness or activation

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9
Q

regulation of emotion gradually shifts from…

A

external sources to self-initiated internal sources

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10
Q

emotion-coaching parents

A

monitor children’s emotions, view negative emotions as a teaching opportunity, assist them in labeling emotions, and coach them on how to effectively deal with emotions

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11
Q

emotion-dismissing parents

A

deny, ignore, or attempt to change negative emotions

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12
Q

emotional competence

A

linked to management of emotions, resilience, and positive relationships

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13
Q

primary emotions

A

present in the first 6 months
- surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust

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14
Q

self-conscious emotions

A

require self-awareness, consciousness, and a sense of “me” and emerge after 18 months
- jealousy, empathy, embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt

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15
Q

baby’s earliest emotions…

A

fear

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16
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear and wariness of strangers

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17
Q

separation protest

A

crying when the caregiver leaves

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18
Q

contexts can influence emotion regulation such as…

A

fatigue, hunger, time of day, people around them
- must learn to adapt to different contexts that require emotion regulation

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19
Q

emotional development in the first year

A

infant gradually develops an ability to inhibit and minimize the intensity and duration of emotional reactions

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20
Q

2-4 years old emotional development

A

children increase the number of terms they use to describe emotions

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21
Q

4-5 years old emotional development

A

children show an increased ability to reflect on emotions and by five years old they can accurately identify emotions produced by challenging circumstances and ways to cope

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22
Q

emotion regulation is important for…

A
  • development of social competence
  • important component of self-regulation and executive function
  • determining the success of a child’s peer relationships
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23
Q

developmental changes in emotion during middle and late childhood:

A
  • improved emotional understanding
  • marked improvements in the ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions
  • use of self initiate strategies for redirecting feelings
  • increased tendency to take into fuller account the events leading to emotional reactions
  • development of a capacity for genuine empathy
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24
Q

dose-response effect

A

the more severe disaster/trauma, the worse the adaptation and adjustment

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25
adult emotional development
skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotion effectively - effort to create lifestyles that are emotionally satisfying, predictable, and manageable
26
in the presence of stress, women are more likely to respond in a ....
tend and befriend pattern
27
in the presence of stress, men are more likely to respond in a ...
fight or flight manner
28
positive emotions increase with...
age
29
older adult feelings
- may experience less extreme joy but have more contentment when connected in positive ways with friends and family - react less strongly to negative circumstances - better at ignoring irrelevant negative information - remember more positive than negative information
30
socioemotional selectivity theory
suggests older adults become more selective about their activities and social relationships in order to maintain social and emotional well-being -deliberately spend more time with familiar individuals -motivation for knowledge-related goals declines - motivation for emotion-related goals increases
31
temperament
individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding - how quickly, how strong, how long it lasts, and how long it takes to fade away
32
reactivity
involves variations in the speed and intensity of responding with positive or negative emotions
33
self regulation
involves variations in the extent or effectiveness of emotional control
34
easy child
generally positive mood; quickly establishes regular routines; adapts easily to new experiences
35
difficult child
reacts negatively and cries frequently, irregular daily routines, slow to accept change
36
slow-to-warm-up child
low activity level, somewhat negative, low intensity of mood
37
temperament category: inhibition to the unfamiliar
shyness with strangers, shy, subdued, timid
38
temperament: extraversion/surgency
- approach, pleasure, activity, smiling, laughter
39
temperament: negative affectivity
- fear, frustration, sadness, and discomfort; easily distressed
40
temperament: effortful control
self-regulation, attentional focusing and shifting, inhibitory control, perceptual sensitivity, low-intensity pleasure
41
goodness of fit
the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
42
babies are ________ oriented
socially oriented
43
social referencing
"reading" emotional cues in others to determine how to act
44
attatchment
a close emotional bond between 2 people
45
freud's view on attatchment
infants attatch to a person or object that provides oral satisfaction
46
harlow's view on attatchment
contact comfort is a crucial element in developing attatchment
47
erikson's view on attatchment
the trust versus mistrust stage emphasizes the role of physical comfort and sensitive care
48
bowlby's phases of attatchment
1. birth to 2 months- infants attatch to human figures 2. 2 to 7 months- attachment is focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver, as the baby learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people 3. 7-24 months- specific attachments develop and with increased locomotion, infants seek out contact 4. 24 months+ - children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account when forming actions
49
strange situation
an observational measure of infant attatchment, created by Mary Ainsworth; an infant experiences a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger
50
securely attatched children
use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
51
insecure avoidant children
show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver
52
insecure resistant children
cling to the caregiver and then resist the closeness
53
insecure disorganized children
disorganized and disoriented, perhaps fearful
54
developmental cascade model
connections across domains over time influence developmental outcomes
55
developmental social neuroscience
examines connections between socioemotional processes, development, and the brain
56
maternal attatchment behavior linked to
the prefrontal cortex
57
oxytocin
hormone released in the mother during breastfeedin and by contact and warmth
58
dopamine
affects mothers' experience of pleasure and reward influences
59
high-quality childcare involves...
- safe environment - access to age-appropriate toys - participation in age-appropriate activities - low caregiver-to-child ratio
60
3 stages of romantic involvement
1. entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about 11-13 years of age 2. exploring romantic relationships about 14-16 years 3. consolidating dyadic romantic bonds about 17-19 years
61
secure attatchment in adults
a positive view of relationships; easy to get closer to others; not overly concerned with or stressed about romantic relationships
62
avoidant attatchment in adults
hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships; and once in a relationship, distance themselves from partners
63
anxious attatchment in adults
demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous and possessive
64
sternberg's triangular theory of love
1. passion 2. intimacy 3. commitment

Lifespan Development (10 decks)

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