Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
Characterize the function of meiosis in sexual reproduction.
Multicellular organisms depend on meiosis for gamete production
Germ-line cells
Produce gametes through the process of meiosis
Describe how homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis.
Homologous pairs synapse forming tetrads
Explain why meiosis I is called the reductive division.
it results in cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Explain the importance of monopolar attachment of homologous pairs at metaphase I.
The two sister chromatids are attached to one pole which is important because they don’t separate until meiosis 2
Differentiate between the events of meiosis I and meiosis II.
1:
Reductional division
2:
Equational division
Describe the distinct features of meiosis compared to mitosis.
In mitosis, the diploid cell divides to produce identical diploid cells. Cells are somatic.
In meiosis, the diploid cell divides to produce haploid cells. Haploid cells are germline. Occurs over 2 rounds.
Both are preceded by the duplication of chromosomes during interphase.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation which is important for evolution, but it requires more time and finding a mate.
Reductional division
Meiosis I
Equational division
Meiosis 2
Prophase 1
-Crossing over
-Synapsis
-Chiasma
Crossing over
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Synapsis
Close pairing of homologous chromosomes
Chiasma
A point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis and at which crossing over occurs
Metaphase 1
Random alignment of homologous chromosomes along metaphase plate
