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General A&P > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 functions of the reproductive system

A
  1. Production of gamates/sex cells 2. Production of hormones
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2
Q

Both male and female reproductive tracts are mostly nonfunctional until

A

puberty

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3
Q

The release of what hormone from where stimulates puberty

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of ___ and ____ from ______ gland which stimulates the gonads

A

FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Male gamate

A

sperm

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6
Q

Female gamate

A

egg/ ovum/ oocyte

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7
Q

Gamates are produced by

A

meiosis

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8
Q

Gamates are ______ cells

A

haploid

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9
Q

Male gamate production begins at

A

puberty

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10
Q

Female games are all produced

A

before birth and one egg matures with each menstrual cycle

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11
Q

Goal of meiosis is

A

produce genetically unique haploid daughter cells

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12
Q

Primary female reproductive organ

A

ovaries

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13
Q

Ovarian follicle

A

egg and follicular cells

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14
Q

What are the 4 accessory organs of the female reproductive system

A
  1. Fallopian tubes 2. Uterus 3. Vagina 4. Vulva
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15
Q

Ovarian follicles are housed within

A

the ovaries

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16
Q

What are the 7 stages of follicular development in females

A
  1. Primordial follicle 2. Primary follicle 3. Secondary follicle 4. Mature follicle 5. Ovulation 6. Corpus luteum 7. Corpus albicans
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17
Q

How long is the ovarian cycle

A

approximately 28 days

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18
Q

What are the 3 stages of the ovarian cycle

A
  1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase
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19
Q

Follicular phase is days

A

1-13

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20
Q

Ovulation is day

A

14

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21
Q

Luteal phase is days

A

15-28

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22
Q

The follicular phase is characterized by rising levels of

A

FSH and LH

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23
Q

Rising levels of FSH and LH in the follicular phase triggers

A

a clutch of primordial follicles to start developing

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24
Q

What other hormone is also increasing during the follicular phase

A

estrogen

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25
Q

Release of the oocyte form the mature follicle

A

ovulation

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26
Q

Ovulation occurs when _____ levels peak

A

LH

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27
Q

Phase when ruptured follicle cells become corpus luteum

A

Luteal phase

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28
Q

The corpus luteum secretes _____ and _____ that stabilize and build up the uterine lining

A

progesterone and estrogen

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29
Q

If the oocyte is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates to

A

corpus albicans

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30
Q

When the corpus albicans develops the _____ occurs

A

mestrual period

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31
Q

If the oocyte is fertilized the corpus luteum

A

continues to secrete hormones through the first trimester

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32
Q

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

A
  1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferative phase 3. Secretory phase
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33
Q

Menstrual phase is days

A

1-5

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34
Q

Proliferative phase is days

A

6-14

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35
Q

Secretory phase is days

A

15-28

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36
Q

Period of menstrual bleeding following steep decline in hormone levels

A

Menstrual phase

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37
Q

Phase when the uterine wall rebuilds in response to increasing hormone levels

A

Proliferative phase

38
Q

continued increase in uterine wall buildup following development of corpus luteum

A

Secretory phase

39
Q

Transport ovulated egg to uterus

A

Fallopian tube

40
Q

What are the 3 regions of the fallopian tube

A
  1. Fimbriae 2. Infundibulum 3. Ampulla
41
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur

A

Ampulla

42
Q

What are the 3 major regions of the uterus

A
  1. Fundus 2. body 3. cervix
43
Q

What is the site of implantation

A

Uterus

44
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A
  1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium
45
Q

outer most uterine wall layer

A

Perimetrium

46
Q

Middle muscular layer of the uterine wall

A

Myometrium

47
Q

Innermost layer of uterine wall

A

Endometrium

48
Q

What tissue makes up the endometrium

A

simple columnar epithelium

49
Q

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium

A
  1. Stratum functionalis 2. Stratum basale
50
Q

What layer is shed during menstruation

A

Stratum functionalis

51
Q

What layer gives rise to a new functional layer

A

Stratum basale

52
Q

Common malignancy of the female reproductive system

A

cervicle cancer

53
Q

What is an important risk factor of cervical cancer

A

HPV

54
Q

What is the method of detection for cervical cancer

A

Pap smear

55
Q

Abnormal cellular development

A

dysplasia

56
Q

Inferior most region of the female reproductive tract

A

Vagina

57
Q

The mucosal layer of the vagina consists of what tissue type

A

stratified squamous epithelium

58
Q

What is the purpose of the acidic secretion produced by the epithelial cells of the vagina

A

kill pathogens that enter through the vaginal orifice

59
Q

membranous barrier near vaginal orifice

A

hymen

60
Q

Female external genitalia

A

vulva

61
Q

The vulva consists of what 6 structures

A
  1. Mons pubis 2. Labia majora and minora 3. urethral orifice 4. clitoris 5. Bartholin’s gland 6. Vaginal orifice
62
Q

The breasts are located in the

A

anterior thoracic wall

63
Q

What are the secretory units of mammary glands

A

alveoli

64
Q

Milk drains from the breast through the nipple via

A

lactiferous ducts

65
Q

What two hormones are involved in breast milk production

A
  1. Prolactin 2. oxytocin
66
Q

What are the primary male reproductive organs

A

testes

67
Q

Why are the testes suspended outside the body wall

A

to keep testes at a lower temp for optimal sperm production

68
Q

Elevates testes to aid in temperature regulation

A

cremaster muscle

69
Q

Contains blood vessels, nerves, and vas defrens

A

spermatic cord

70
Q

What is the function of the testes

A

produce sperm cells and testosterone

71
Q

Area where sperm are made

A

seminiferous tubules

72
Q

Cells that provide nourishment for developing sperm

A

sustentacular cells

73
Q

Sustentacular cells produce _______ in response to rising sperm count

A

inhibin

74
Q

Cells that produce androgen/testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone

A

Interstitial cells

75
Q

What two hormones released by the anterior pituitary stimulate testosterone production

A
  1. FSH 2. LH
76
Q

Testosterone promotes

A

spermatogenesis

77
Q

Testosterone stimulates

A

development of male reproductive structures

78
Q

Testosterone aids in the development of

A

male secondary sex characteristics

79
Q

spermatogenesis begins at

A

puberty

80
Q

Final stage of sperm cell development

A

spermeo genesis

81
Q

What are the 4 ducts of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Epididymis 2. Vas defrens 3. Ejaculatory duct 4. Urethra
82
Q

Stores sperm cells

A

Epididymis

83
Q

transports sperm to ejaculatory duct

A

vas defrens

84
Q

terminal portion of reproductive tract joins with urinary tract in the prostate

A

Ejaculatory duct

85
Q

transports semen and urine out of the body

A

urethra

86
Q

What are the 3 major glands of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. bulbourethral glands
87
Q

Secretes viscous white-yellow fluid, contains fructose and prostaglandins

A

seminal vesicles

88
Q

secretes milky fluid rich in citric acid and prostate-specific antigen

A

prostate gland

89
Q

Secrete mucus into urethra

A

Bulbourethral glands

90
Q

Combination of sperm cells and seminal fluid

A

semen

91
Q

Semen released during intercourse

A

ejaculate

General A&P (23 decks)

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