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CompTIA Network + N10-008 > 1.3 Summarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is the appropriate type for a solution. > Flashcards

1.3 Summarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is the appropriate type for a solution. Flashcards

1
Q

Twisted pair copper cabling

A
  • Balanced pair operation
    – Two wires with equal and opposite signals
    – Transmit+, Transmit- / Receive+, Receive-
  • The twist keeps a single wire constantly moving away
    from the interference
    – The opposite signals are compared on the other end
  • Pairs in the same cable have different twist rates
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2
Q

Coaxial cables

A
  • Two or more forms share a common axis
  • RG-6 used in television/digital cable
    – And high-speed Internet over cable
  • RG-59 used as patch cables
    – Not designed for long distances
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3
Q

Twinaxial cables

A
  • Two inner conductors (Twins)
  • Common on 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ cables
    – Full duplex, five meters, low cost, low latency compared to twisted pair
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4
Q

Unshielded and shielded cable

A
  • UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
    – No additional shielding
    – The most common twisted pair cabling
  • STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
    – Additional shielding protects against interference
    – Shield each pair and/or the overall cable
    – Requires the cable to be grounded
  • Abbreviations
    – U = Unshielded, S = Braided shielding, F = Foil shielding
  • (Overall cable) / (individual pairs)TP
    – Braided shielding around the entire cable
    and foil around the pairs is S/FTP
    – Foil around the cable and no shielding around
    the pairs is F/UTP
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5
Q

Structured cabling standards: International ISO/IEC 11801

A

cabling standards
– Defines classes of networking standards

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6
Q

Structured cabling standards: Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

A

– Standards, market analysis, trade shows,
government affairs, etc.
– ANSI/TIA-568:
Commercial Building Telecommunications
Cabling Standard
* Commonly referenced for pin and
pair assignments of eight-conductor
100-ohm balanced twisted pair cabling
– T568A and T568B

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7
Q

T568A and T568B termination

A
  • Pin assignments in EIA/TIA-568-B - Eight conductor 100-ohm balanced twisted-pair cabling
  • 568A and 568B are different pin assignments for 8P8C connectors
    – Specification assigns the 568A pin-out to horizontal cabling - Many organizations have traditionally used 568B
  • You can’t terminate one side of the cable with 568A and the other with 568B
    – You’ll run into confusion and technical problems
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8
Q

Fiber communication

A
  • Transmission by light
    – The visible spectrum
  • No RF signal
    – Very difficult to monitor or tap
  • Signal slow to degrade
    – Transmission over long distances
  • Immune to radio interference
    – There’s no RF
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9
Q

UPC vs. APC

A
  • Controlling light-Laws of physics apply
  • Return loss-Light reflected back to the source
  • UPC (Ultra-polished connectors)
    – Ferrule end-face radius polished at a zero degree angle
    – High return loss
  • APC (Angle-polished connectors)
    – Ferrule end-face radius polished at an eight degree angle
    – Lower return loss, generally higher insertion loss than UPC
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10
Q

Media Converter

A
  • OSI Layer 1
    – Physical layer signal conversion
  • Extend a copper wire over a long distance
    – Convert it to fiber, and back again
  • You have fiber
    – The switch only has copper ports
  • Almost always powered
    – Especially fiber to copper
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11
Q

Transceiver

A
  • Transmitter and receiver
    – Usually in a single component
  • Provides a modular interface
    – Add the transceiver
    that matches your network
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12
Q

SFP and SFP+

A
  • Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP)
    – Commonly used to provide 1 Gbit/s fiber
    – 1 Gbit/s RJ45 SFPs also available
  • Enhanced Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP+)
    – Exactly the same size as SFPs
    – Supports data rates up to 16 Gbit/s
    Common with 10 Gigabit Ethernet
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13
Q

QSFP

A
  • Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable
    – 4-channel SFP = Four 1 Gbit/s = 4 Gbit/s
    – QSFP+ is four-channel SFP+ =
    Four 10 Gbit/sec = 40 Gbit/sec
  • Combine four SFPs into a single transceiver
    – Cost savings in fiber and equipment
  • Bi-Directional (BiDi) QSFP and QSFP+
  • Additional efficiency over a single fiber run
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14
Q

Duplex communication

A
  • Two fibers
    – Transmit and receive
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15
Q

Bi-Directional (BiDi) transceivers

A
  • Traffic in both directions with a single fiber
    – Use two different wavelengths
  • Reduce the number of fiber runs by half
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16
Q

Copper patch panel

A
  • Punch-down block on one side, RJ45 connector on the other
  • Move a connection around - Different switch interfaces
  • The run to the desk doesn’t move
17
Q

66 block

A
  • A patch panel for analog voice
    – And some digital links
  • Left side is patched to the right
    – Easy to follow the path
  • Wire and a punch-down tool
    – No additional connectors required
  • Generally replaced by 110 blocks
    – Still seen in many installations
18
Q

Fiber distribution panel

A
  • Permanent fiber installation - Patch panel at both ends
  • Fiber bend radius - Breaks when bent too tightly
  • Often includes a service loop
    – Extra fiber for future changes
19
Q

110 block

A
  • Wire-to-wire patch panel
    – No intermediate interface required
  • Replaces the 66 block
    – Patch Category 5 and Category 6 cables
  • Wires are “punched” into the block
    – Connecting block is on top
  • Additional wires punched into connecting block
    – Patch the top to the bottom
20
Q

Krone block

A
  • An alternative to the 110 block
    – Common in Europe
  • Options available for many purposes
    – Analog and digital communication
    – Different models can support
    higher frequencies
21
Q

BIX (Building Industry Cross-connect)

A
  • Created in the 1970s by Northern Telecom
    – A common block type
  • Updated through the years
    – GigaBIX performance is better than the
    Category 6 cable standard
22
Q

Eathernet Standards: Ethernet

A
  • The most popular networking technology in the world
    – Standard, common, nearly universal
  • Many different types of Ethernet
    – Speeds, cabling, connectors, equipment
  • Modern Ethernet uses twisted pair copper or fiber
  • BASE (baseband)
    – Single frequency using the entire medium
    – Broadband uses many frequencies, sharing the medium
23
Q

10 and 100 megabit Ethernet

A
  • 10BASE-T (twisted pair)
    – Two pair, Category 3 cable minimum
    – 100 meter maximum distance
  • 100BASE-TX
    – “Fast Ethernet”
    – Category 5 or better twisted pair copper - two pair
    – 100 meters maximum length
24
Q

1000BASE-T

A
  • Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5
    – 4-pair balanced twisted-pair
  • Category 5
    – Category 5 is deprecated, so we use Cat 5e today
    – A shift to using all four pair
    – 100 meter maximum distance
25
Q

10GBASE-T

A
  • 10 Gig Ethernet over copper
    – 4-pair balanced twisted-pair
  • Frequency use of 500 MHz
    – Well above the 125 MHz for gigabit Ethernet
  • Category 6
    – Unshielded: 55 meters, Shielded: 100 meters
  • Category 6A (augmented)
    – Unshielded or shielded: 100 meters
26
Q

40GBASE-T

A
  • 40 gigabit per second Ethernet
    – 4-pair balanced twisted-pair
  • Category 8 cable - Up to 30 meters
27
Q

100 megabit Ethernet over fiber

A
  • 100BASE-FX
    – Pair of multimode fiber - Same fiber as FDDI
    – Laser components
    – 400 meters (half-duplex), 2 kilometers (full-duplex)
  • 100BASE-SX
    – A less-expensive version of
    100 megabit Ethernet over fiber
    – LED optics, 300 meters maximum distance
28
Q

Gigabit Ethernet over fiber

A
  • 1000BASE-SX
    – Gigabit Ethernet using NIR (near infrared) light
    – Usually over multi-mode fiber
    – 220 meters to 500 meters,
    depending on fiber type
  • 1000BASE-LX
    – Gigabit Ethernet using long wavelength laser
    – Multi-mode fiber to 550 meters
    – Single-mode fiber to 5 kilometers
29
Q

10 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber

A
  • 10GBASE-SR – Short Range
    – Multimode fiber
    – 26 to 400 meters, depending on the fiber
  • 10GBASE-LR – Long range
    – Single-mode fiber
    – 10 kilometers maximum range
30
Q

WDM

A
  • Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
    – Bidirectional communication over a single strand of fiber
  • Use different wavelengths for each carrier
    – Different “colors”
  • CWDM (Coarse Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    – 10GBASE-LX4 uses four 3.125 Gbit/sec carriers
    at four different wavelengths
  • DWDM (Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    – Multiplex multiple OC carriers into a single fiber
    Add 160 signals, increase to 1.6 Tbit/s

CompTIA Network + N10-008 (26 decks)

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