Theories of learning Flashcards
Operant conditioning
Used to shape behaviour through the reinforcement of correct behaviour, and through weakening incorrect actions
Positive reinforcement
A Encourages correct behaviour and strengthens the stimulus-response bond (praise)
Negative reinforcement
A Encourages correct behaviour through removing a negative stimulus. Strengthens the S-R bond
Punishment
Used to discourage incorrect behaviour, and is used to weaken the S-R bond
What are the main features of
‘insight learning’?
Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill. Instead of trail and error, it encourages performers to apply their sporting knowledge to the situation
How does insight learning positively impact on performers
Provides self-satisfaction and motivation due to the performer working out the problem independently.
Helps the performer to develop a better understanding of skills and scenarios
What are the stages of observational learning?
(ARMM)
Attention
Retention
Motor production
Motivation
Attention
The performer pays attention to the action/skill
Retention
Stores the memory of the action in the memory to retrieve when replicating the skill in the future
Motor production
Replicating the skill/action
Motivation
Willing to practice and complete the skill
How can you make demonstrations more likely to be copied? (6)
- Performed by a role model or someone of a similar ability
- Reinforced and consistent demonstrations
- Visually powerful to ensure the performers are paying attention
- Accurate demonstration with clear instructions
- Make it relevant to the performer
- Ensure it is within the performers ability level
What is social development theory?
Learning by association with others. Skills can be learned from more knowledgeable others. (MKO)
What are the stages within the zone of proximal development? (3)
- What can I do alone?
- What can I do with help?
- What can I not do yet?
