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1 Anatomy > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of joints

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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2
Q

Synovial joints

A

joint capsule made of outer fibrous layer and lined by serous synovial membrane

capsule encloses to joint cavity

articular cartilage covers articular surfaces, other surfaces have synovial membranes

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3
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane
hinge
saddle
condyloid
ball and socket
pivot

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4
Q

Unilateral joints

A

hinge
pivot

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5
Q

Plane joints

A

permit gliding or sliding
tight joint capsule limit movement
acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

Hinge joint

A

flexion and extension only
single axis
capsule thin
collateral ligaments reinforce strength of joint
elbow joint

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7
Q

Saddle joint

A

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension
two axes at right angles
biaxial
carpometacarpal joint

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8
Q

Condyloid joints

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
biaxial
movement in one plane is greater than other
metacarpophalangeal joint

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9
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

movement in multiple planes and axis
highly mobile
hip joint

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10
Q

Pivot joints

A

uniaxial
permit rotation around central axis
atlanto-axial joint (in the neck)

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11
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

bones united by fibrous tissue
length of fibrous tissue determines movement at the joint
suture, teeth

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12
Q

Syndesmosis

A

bones united by either a ligament or fibrous membrane
radius/ulna

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13
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Primary/synchondroses
Secondary/symphyses

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14
Q

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

A

synchondroses
bones united by hyaline cartilage
usually temporary

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15
Q

Secondary

A

Symphyses
bones united by fibrocartilage
strong, slightly movable

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16
Q

Arthokinematics

A

articular movement within the joint itself

includes rolling, gliding, sliding, spinning, compression, traction.

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17
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Gross movements of the bone at the joint
where is the bone going, directions of bone within a movement

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18
Q

You can’t have a roll without a

A

glide

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19
Q

Concave fixed

A

Convex surface rolls and glides in opposite directions

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20
Q

Convex fixed

A

concave surface rolls and glides in the same direction

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21
Q

Open chain

A

distal end is free

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22
Q

Closed chain

A

distal end is fixed

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23
Q

Open/loose-packed position

A

resting position of the body

24
Q

Closed-packed position

A

least amount of space within a joint

25
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal striated
cardiac striated
smooth muscle

26
Q

Cells in skeletal striated muscle

A

large, very long, unbranched, cylindrical fibers
peripherally located nuclei

27
Q

Skeletal striated muscle

A

gross muscles
phasic, produces movement
usually voluntary or reflexive

28
Q

Cardiac Striated Muscle

A

heart, great vessels
strong, quick, rhythmic contraction.
involuntary, intrinsically stimulated.

29
Q

Muscles of cardiac striated muscles

A

branching, short fibers. Transverse striations. single central nucleus

30
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

walls of hollow viscera and blood vessels. Iris, ciliary body of eye, attached to hair follicles

weak, slow rhythmic, tonic contraction. involuntary. autonomic or enteric

31
Q

Smooth muscle cells

A

single or agglomerated cells. Small & spindle-shaped fibers without striations. Single central nucleus

32
Q

Quadrate muscle

A

four equal sides

33
Q

Circular muscle

A

surround a body opening or orifice

34
Q

Multi-headed muscle

A

more than one head or attachment

35
Q

Multi-bellied

A

more than on contractile belly

36
Q

Aponeurosis

A

flat sheet

37
Q

Flat muscles

A

parallel fibers, often have aponeurosis

38
Q

Pennate muscles

A

feather-like

39
Q

usiform muscles

A

spindle shaped with round, thick bellies and tapered ends

40
Q

Convergent muscles

A

arise from broad area and converge to single tendon

41
Q

Motor Unit

A

Consists of motor neuron and muscle fibers it controls

motor neuron stimulated –> impulse –> contraction

42
Q

Origin

A

usually proximal end of muscle

43
Q

Insertion

A

usually distal end of muscle

44
Q

Reflexive contraction

A

certain aspects autonomic. We don’t have control over these muscles.

45
Q

Tonic contraction

A

Slight contraction or relaxed. Does not produce movement or active resistance

46
Q

Phasic contraction

A

Isotonic or Isometric. It is active and resistant.

47
Q

Isotonic contractions

A

concentric or eccentric. length changes

48
Q

Concentric

A

shortening of muscle
attachments are moving closer

49
Q

Eccentric

A

lengthening of muscle
attachments are moving farther

50
Q

Isometric contraction

A

no movement. But there is still a “contraction”. Gravity is equal to the resistance

51
Q

Prime mover

A

muscle most responsible for movement
contracts concentrically
expending most energy

52
Q

Fixator

A

muscles working to stabilize proximally to joint

53
Q

Synergist

A

muscles also helping with the action
directly or indirectly

54
Q

Antagonist

A

muscles working against movement
either opposes synergist (secondary) or prime mover (primary)

55
Q

Stability proximally means

A

movement distally

1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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