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CSC 200 > chapter 16--the World Wide Web > Flashcards

chapter 16--the World Wide Web Flashcards

1
Q

True/False. Most search engines use a context-based approach for finding candidate pages

A

False, although they are moving in that direction

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2
Q

True/False. a cookie is a program that is executed on your computer

A

false

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3
Q

True/False. All elements associated with a particular webpage are brought over when a request for that webpage is made.

A

True

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4
Q

Define Java applet.

A

a small program designed to be embedded into an HTML format.

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5
Q

name and define URL.

A

Uniform Resource Locator. the web address, it is the standard way of uniquely identifying every webpage. Includes the hostname of the computer where the webpage is stored, as well as the domain name and the top-level domain name.

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6
Q

define JSP scriptlet.

A

a small piece of executable code imbedded in a webpage that can pull dynamic content from a constantly-changing database. Useful for webpages that have content that changes many times daily.

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7
Q

Name and define HTML. Are tags fixed in HTML?

A

Hypertext Markup Language. The basic language of the Web. Tags are fixed, unlike XML.

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8
Q

Name and define XML and DTD.

A

Extensible markup language. A more powerful web language that has more versatility than HTML. It allows the user to define the content of a document using a Document Type Definition. It is a metalanguage.

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9
Q

What is a tag in HTML?

A

the syntactic element in a markup language that indicates how information should be displayed.

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10
Q

What is a markup language? Where does that name come from?

A

The basic type of language used for webpages. It refers to a language that uses tags to annotate the information in a document. In HTML the tags note how the infro will be desplayed

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11
Q

What is a hortizontal rule, and what is it used for?

A

It is a solid horizontal line on a webpage, useful for separating portions of the page from each other.

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12
Q

Name 5 formatting specifications that can be established using HTML tags.

A

bold, underline, italics, new paragraph, centering

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13
Q

what is a tag attribute? give 1 example

A

part of a tag that provides additional information about the element. The attribute name in an image tag would be SRC, or HREF for a link tag.

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14
Q

write the HTML statement that inputs the image on file mine.gif.

A

<img></img>

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15
Q

Write the HTML statement that sets up a link to http://cs.utexas.edu/users/ndale/ and shows the text “Dale Home Page” on the screen.

A

<a> Dale Home Page</a>

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16
Q

How do you embed a Java applet in an HTML doc?

A
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17
Q

What kinds of restrictions are put on Java applets? Why?

A

they cannot access any locals files or change any system settings. this is to protect security

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18
Q

Where is a Java applet executed?

A

on the end-user’s machine, in the browser

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19
Q

What is a Java Server Page?

A

A page that has dynamic content that is pulled from a database when you view the webpage, using JSP scriptlets.

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20
Q

What is a scriptlet?

A

A small piece of code in an HTML doc that pulls dynamic content from a database whenever someone views the page

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21
Q

How do you embed a scriptlet in an HTML doc?

A

the percent sign tags

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22
Q

how does JSP processing differ from applet processing?

A

applets are executed on the user’s machine. JSP pull dynamic content from a database whenever the page is viewed.

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23
Q

Compare/contrast HTML and XML.

A

HTML has fixed tags, whereas XML lets the programmer define the tags. XML is a metalanguage, which is a language that defines other languages.

24
Q

In a DTD, how do you indicate a. that an element is to be repeated 0 or more times, b. 1 or more times, and c. that an element cannot be broken down into other tags?

A

0 or more is an asterisk inside the parentheses , 1 or more is a + inside the parentheses, and PCDATA (parsed character data), specifies that a tag is not further broken down into other tags.

25
Q

What is XSL?

A

extensible stylesheet language, a language that defines how a document is transformed from XML to other formats, like audio, a mobile browser, or into a MS Word doc

26
Q

What is the relationship between XML and XSL?

A

XSL translates XML docs into other formats, like mobile browsers, MS Words docs, or audio

27
Q

How does an XML doc get viewed?

A

with a browser

28
Q

what do XSL, SGML, and DTD stand for?

A

extensible stylesheet language, standard generalized markup language, and document type definition

29
Q

what’s the difference between an HTML tag and an attribute?

A

the attrubute refers to something specific about the information to be displayed or how it is to be displayed. the tag itself is more general

30
Q

what does the A stand for in a hyperlink tag?

A

Anchor

31
Q

Who invented the World Wide Web, when, where, and where was he working? What organization is he director of?

A

Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN, in 1990, in Switzerland. the World Wide Web Consortium

32
Q

What do the tags UL, OL, and LI mean in HTML?

A

unordered list, which produces bullet points, ordered list, which produces numbered items, and list item, which denotes the beginning of each item in the list

33
Q

What do the H1, H2, etc. tags mean in HTML?

A

they refer to the size of a heading. H1 is the largers, H6 the smallest

34
Q

name some of the new tags that are available in HTML5.

A
  1. section, to define sections of a page. 2. header, 3. footer,4. nav (to define navigational elements on a page), 5. article (to define an article or primary content of a page), 6. aside (to define secondary content that might appear in a sidebar),7. figure (to define images that annotate an article) 8. Tags for time, date, fields for ranges, emails, and URLs
35
Q

What is the name of the chemistry language developed from XML?

A

CML, chemistry markup language

36
Q

what is the difference between XML and XML files?

A

XML is a markup specification language. XML files are data.

37
Q

When did twitter, linkedin, and facebook start?

A

twitter 2006, linkedin 2002, facebook 2004

38
Q

How many unique URLs are there, roughly?

A

11 trillion

39
Q

What is the basic premise used in concept-based web searches?

A

Clustering

40
Q

What is the leading IM application today? Is it’s protocol proprietary?

A

AIM AOL instant messenger. Yes

41
Q

Are instant messages secure?

A

No

42
Q

What year was the word “blog” called “word of the year” by Merriam-Webster?

A

2004

43
Q

Cookie?

A

A small text file that the web server stores on your hard disk

44
Q

What are some uses of cookies?

A

Counting unique visitors, customizing a website visit to a user, and implementing electronic shopping carts

45
Q

How is an HTML document opened/closed?

A

With and tags

46
Q

What does the title tag do?

A

Gives the page title to be displAyed in the browser’s title bar

47
Q

Do browsers take carriage returns and blank lines in an HTML doc into consideration?

A

No

48
Q

How is a new paragraph delineated in HTML?

A

<p>. The closer is not necessary in most browsers
</p>

49
Q

Honors that Tim Berners-Lee received?

A

Knighthood, order of merit in 2007, and the IEEE Maxwell award

50
Q

When was HTML 5 released? What are two of its most important features?

A
  1. Dynamic content, like context menus for drop-down menus. Also the async attribute, which allows pages to load more quickly.
51
Q

What type of language are applets compiled into?

A

Bytecode

52
Q

What tag is used to refer to the DTD?

A

<!doctype books system “filename.dtd”>

53
Q

What are the 1st & 2nd lines of an XML doc?

A

XML version and the 2nd line is the DTD location. XML version uses the ? at the beginning and end

54
Q

What do the tags in a DTD look like?

A

<!element is how they open, and the ones that cannot be broken down further end with (#pcdata)>

55
Q

When was Google + started?

A

2011

56
Q

What was LinkedIn’s nickname?

A

MySpace for adults

CSC 200 (12 decks)

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