Chapter 4 book

Question 1

Constitutional isomers

Answer 1

differ in way atoms are connected to each other

Question 2

Propane isomers

Answer 2

none

Question 3

Butane isomers

Answer 3

Isobutane (see page 112)

Question 4

Saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 4

max # of H per C

Question 5

Pentane isomers

Answer 5

isopentane and neopentane (see page 112)

Question 6

Discuss classification of C

Answer 6

see page 112

Question 7

Discuss classification of H

Answer 7

see page 112

Question 8

propyl

Answer 8

see page 114

Question 9

isopropyl

Answer 9

see page 114

Question 10

butyl

Answer 10

see page 114

Question 11

sec. butyl

Answer 11

see page 114

Question 12

isobutyl

Answer 12

see page 114

Question 13

tert. butyl

Answer 13

see page 114

Question 14

conformation

Answer 14

different arrangements of atoms

Question 15

eclipse

Answer 15

C-H is directly aligned with C-H adjacent

Question 16

staggered

Answer 16

C-H bisect H-C-H adjacent

Question 17

which conformation is more stable and why

Answer 17

staggered less repulsive forces

Question 18

dihedral angle

Answer 18

separtates bond on 1 atom from bond on other atom

Question 19

Why are most alkanes in a zig zag

Answer 19

lowest energy conformation and all large groups are anti

Question 20

Discuss increase and decrease of angle strain

Answer 20

smaller angle bigger ring strain before pentane and bigger angle after pentane is bigger ring strain

Question 21

What conformation is a planar cyclohexane

Answer 21

eclipsed

Question 22

what conformation is a chair cyclohexane

Answer 22

staggered

Question 23

axial hydrogen

Answer 23

located above or below ring

Question 24

equatorial hydrogen

Answer 24

on plane of ring

Question 25

what conformation does a cyclohexane go through in a ring flip

Answer 25

boat

Question 26

is an equatorial or axial CH3 on a cyclohexane more stable and why

Answer 26

equatorial due to 1,3 diaxial interaction for axial

Question 27

stereoisomers

Answer 27

different way substitutes are oriented

Question 28

trans

Answer 28

different plane

Question 29

cis

Answer 29

same plane

Question 30

draw 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane in trans

Answer 30

see page 127

Question 31

draw 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane in cis

Answer 31

see page 127

Question 32

draw 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane in trans and cis

Answer 32

see page 128

Question 33

draw 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane in trans and cis

Answer 33

see page 128

Question 34

Oxidation

Answer 34

C-Z bond increases and C-H bond decreases

Question 35

Reduction

Answer 35

C-Z bond decreases and C-H bond increase