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Nutrition > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

In general, nutrition recommendations (such as RDAs) are made for…

A

populations

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2
Q

In a double blind study…

A

neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in which group.
– Control
– Experimental

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3
Q

How many kcals are there in 3 grams of fat?

A

27…3 x 9

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4
Q

How many kcals in 40 grams of carbohydrates?

A

160…4x40

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5
Q

A food item contains 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of protein and 3 grams of carbohydrate. What’s the total kcal content of this food item?

A

5x9=45
2x4=8
3x4=12… 65 kcal

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6
Q

The three macronutrients include…

A

protein, lipids and carbohydrates

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7
Q

Which cannot be made by the body in sufficient amounts, so must be obtained from the diet?

A

vitamins

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8
Q

Which are two micronutrients?

A

vitamins ans minerals

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9
Q

We need to consume more micronutrients than macronutrients…true or false.

A

False

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10
Q

Malnutrition only refers to not eating enough of a certain nutrient. True or False

A

False

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11
Q

Which refers to an inert substance that is not the real drug or treatment, and is used in the control treatment?

A

Placebo

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12
Q

Which of the following are different methods of nutritional assessment?

A

24 hour recall
diet history
3-day food record
food frequency

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13
Q

Case Study

A

Reports/Investigations on one or just a few individuals.

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14
Q

Longitudinal study

A

take place over a long period of time. The definition we will use for a “long period of time” is years.

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15
Q

Epidemiological study

A

involve research on populations with the aim of identifying factors that are associated with health and disease.

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16
Q

Dietary intervention Study

A

involve some kind of intervention in the subject’s lifestyle, usually involving a change in diet or the addition of a supplement.

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17
Q

Animal Study

A

Mice or rats (most common)
Can provide valuable information with respect to file details of phenomenon, details that cannot be studied in humans due to ethical limitations.

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18
Q

Nutrient density is calculated by dividing…

A

The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving divided by the kcal for that serving.

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19
Q

Energy density is calculated by dividing…

A

The number of kcals in a serving divided by the weight in grams of a serving.

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20
Q

Most of the production of ATP occurs in the _____ of the cell.

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

Any time a chemical bond is broken or formed, this is called a….

A

metabolic reaction

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22
Q

Which organelle in the cell contains the material of heredity?

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

Most bio-molecules are organic molecules. True or False

A

True

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24
Q

Which organelle of the cell digests material taken into the cell?

A

Lysosome

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25
Q

Biological catalysts are called…

A

enzymes

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26
Q 
Which of the following is(are) not a biomolecules.
the human body
your computer
plastic
steel
iron
calcium
A

a. the human body
b. your computer
c. plastic
d. steel
e. iron
f. calcium
g. all the above

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27
Q

_____ refers to the all the chemical reactions in the body.

A

Metabolism

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28
Q

A collection of cells that work together for a common function is called…

A

a tissue

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29
Q

Proteins are bio-molecules. True or False

A

True

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30
Q

Triglycerides and cholesterol are different types of lipids. True or False

A

True

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31
Q

Be able to identify the elemental symbol for calcium, selenium, oxygen, zinc and iron on a multiple choice question.

A

calcium. ..Ca
selenium. ..Se
oxygen. ..O
zinc. ..Zn
iron. ..Fe

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32
Q

A collection of organs that work together for a common function is called a tissue. True or False

A

False

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33
Q

All cells have the same shape.

A

False

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34
Q

What is the high energy molecule needed for life?

A

ATP

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35
Q

What is the fat that promotes atherosclerosis and is found more in animal products than in plant products?

A

cholesterol

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36
Q

A molecule has two or more _____ connected by a __________.

A

atom, chemical bond

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37
Q

The molecular weight of a molecule indicates it’s size. True or False

A

True

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38
Q

Some dietary fibers are categorized as carbohydrates. True or False

A

False

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39
Q

Enzymes are made of….

A

proteins

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40
Q

Enzymes names usually end in…

A

-ase

41
Q

Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in _______ but not in _____.

A

water, lipids

42
Q

Hydrophobic molecules dissolve in _____, but not in _______.

A

lipids, water

43
Q

Which of the following means the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones?

A

Catabolic

44
Q

When small molecules are transported from the lumen of the intestine to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels this is called…

A

absorption

45
Q

Which is not part of the digestive tract and associated glands or tissues?

A

kidneys

46
Q

The function of the stomach is to absorb amino acids and sugar. True or False

A

False

47
Q

Gastric juice contains____, _____. and_______.

A

water, enzymes and hydrochloric acid.

48
Q

The enzyme amylase is secreted into the mouth by the _______.

A

salivary glands

49
Q

Salivary amylase is responsible for digesting______.

A

amylose

50
Q

Most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs in the _______.

A

small intestine.

51
Q

Fats and water soluble molecules such as sugars are absorbed from the intestine directly into the blood. True or False

A

False

52
Q

Chyme is produced in the…

A

stomach

53
Q

Which of the following are digestive secretions?

A

a. bile
b. gastric juice
c. saliva
d. all

54
Q

The gallbladder stores ____, which is needed for ____ digestion.

A

bile, fat

55
Q

The pancreas secretes enzymes into the…

A

duodenum of the small intestine.

56
Q

The first section of the small intestine is called the _____.

A

duodenum

57
Q

Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that digest ______, _____, and ______.

A

carbohydrates, fats and protein

58
Q

The function of the large intestine is to absorb _____ and _____.

A

water and minerals

59
Q

Most of our intestinal microbial flora reside in the…

A

small intestine

60
Q

The small intestine has such a large surface are due to the villi. This increases it’s surface area and increases its ability to absorb nutrients. True or False

A

True

61
Q

Which organ produces bile?

A

liver

62
Q

Which organ stores bile?

A

gallbladder

63
Q

Gastric secretion does not change as we age. True or False

A

False

64
Q

The process of homeostasis involves maintaining…

A

an internal balance with respect to physiology

65
Q

Which pH number is the most acidic?

A

one with the lowest number

66
Q

Which pH number is the most basic?

A

one with the highest number

67
Q

Which nutrients that are absorbed from the small intestine enter directly into blood vessels (and not the lacteal)?

A

amino acids and sugars

68
Q

The colonic bacteria found in an infant is the same as that of an adult? True or False

A

False

69
Q

Which is the quickest to leave the stomach?

A

carbohydrates

70
Q

Infants can absorb intact proteins to a greater extent than adults. True or False?

A

True

71
Q

As a person ages, and enters into the later years, the stomach tends to produce ______ gastric juice.

A

less

72
Q

A decreased production of gastric juice can lead to a problem with respect to the absorption of the two minerals ____ and _____.

A

iron and zinc

73
Q

The absorption of which vitamin requires intrinsic factor that is produced by the stomach?

A

B12

74
Q

One can buy infant formula supplemented with human mmmunoglobulin A (IgA). True or False.

A

False

75
Q

_____ is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

A

diffusion

76
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

A

Mouth

77
Q

What is the substrate for salivary amylase

A

amylose

78
Q

What hormone stimulates the release of bile into the duodenum?

A

CCK

79
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach tissue

80
Q

Esophageal reflux disease

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach). This action can irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.

81
Q

Ulcer

A

a lesion of the skin or mucous membranes characterized by inflammation and damaged tissues

82
Q 
Which organ is affected for each of the following...
pancratitis
Crohn's disease
hepititis
cirrhosis
A

pancratitis - pancreas
Crohn’s disease - GI Tract
hepititis - Liver
cirrhosis - Liver

83
Q

Which of the following is true regarding a person who has pancreatitis?

A

the enzyme produced by the pancreas can lead to damage of the organ

84
Q

Which of the following is feeding by vein?

A

parenteral nutrition

85
Q

In which of the following are patients sometimes put on oral enzyme replacement therapy?

A

Pancreatitis

86
Q

When patients are put on oral enzyme replacement therapy, why are they also given medication to decrease the production of gastric juice?

A

to inhibit the stomach from digesting the enzymes given orally

87
Q

Which of the following is feeding by a nasogastric tube?

A

enteral nutition

88
Q

Which is true about lactose intolerance and the dumping syndrome?

A

They both have symptoms of diarrhea.

89
Q

Which is caused initially by stomach surgery?

A

dumping syndrome

90
Q

Which can lead to low blood pressure?

A

dumping syndrome

91
Q

In which are carbohydrates digested too quickly?

A

dumping syndrome

92
Q

In which does diarrhea occur when the person drink some milk?

A

lactose intolerance

93
Q

People with lactose intolerance have low levels of…

A

lactase

94
Q

Which foods tends to increase gastric acid secretion and should be avoided by people with gastric ulcers?

A

coffee
high fat foods
spicy foods

95
Q

Which can eventually result in hypoglycemia?

A

dumping syndrome

96
Q

People who have celiac disease should avoid…

A

wheat

97
Q

The water-soluble vitamins

A

vitamin C

the eight B vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamins B6 and B12, folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid.

98
Q

The fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K.

99
Q

Name the major minerals

A

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate

Nutrition (4 decks)

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