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A&P Lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Prime movers (agonists)

A

Responsible for producing a particular movement

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2
Q

Antagonists

A

Oppose or reverse a movement; relaxed when prime mover is active

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3
Q

Synergists

A

Aid agonists by assisting with the same movement or by reducing unnecessary/undesirable movement

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4
Q

Fixators

A

Specialized synergists that immobilize the origin of a prime mover so all tension is exerted at insertion
ex: posture muscles

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5
Q

How do muscles of facial expression differ from skeletal muscles

A

Their insertion is on skin or other muscles rather than bones

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6
Q

What do trunk muscles move

A

Vertebral column, ribs, head, arms, abdomen

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7
Q

What do upper limb muscles move

A

arm, forearm, and hands/fingers

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8
Q

What do lower limb muscles move

A

hip, knee, ankle

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9
Q

Difference between shoulder and pelvic girdle

A

pelvic girdle needs no extra muscles to stabilize it vs the scapula that needs many to stabilize

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10
Q

Naming skeletal muscles characteristics

A

Direction of muscle fibers, location of muscle, number or origins, location of muscle origin and insertion, shape of muscle, action of muscle, muscle size

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11
Q

Directional terms of fibers

A

Rectus- straight (parallel) along midline
Transverse- across midline
Oblique- angled compared to midline

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12
Q

Muscle size terms

A

Maximus (largest)
Minimus (Smallest)
Longus (long)
Brevis (short)

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13
Q

Origin

A

Stationary, immovable anchor of muscle

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14
Q

Insertion

A

Moveable attachment

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15
Q

Innervation

A

Group of nerves that stimulate a muscle facilitating contraction; trigger contraction

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16
Q

Action of muscle

A

A muscle can contract or relax and when it contracts an action is produced; allows for motion and joint rotation; action depends on the origin, insertion, and the fiber type arrangement

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17
Q

Typical shapes of muscles

A

Circular, convergent, parallel, unipennate, bipennate, fusiform, multipennate

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18
Q

Epicranius Occipital Belly

A

Origin: Occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Action: Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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19
Q

Epicranius Frontal Belly

A

Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows, root of nose
Action: Raises eyebrows

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20
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Origin: Frontal bone, maxilla, and ligaments around orbit
Insertion: Tissue of eyelid
Action: Close eye

21
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: draws angle of mouth laterally and upwards

22
Q

Zygomaticus Minor

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Subcutaneous tissue of lower lip (corner of mouth)
Action: Draws upper lip outward, laterally, and upwards

23
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: indirectly from maxilla and mandible, fibers blend with fibers of other muscles associated with the lips
Insertion: Encircles mouth, muscle and skin at angles of mouth
Action: close lips

24
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action: compresses cheek

25
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: Zygomatic arch and bone
Insertion: angle and ramus of Mandible
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure

26
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Action: Close jaw

27
Q

Platysma

A

Origin: fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid
Insertion: Mandible, skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: Tenses skin of neck

28
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin: Manubrium and medial end of clavicle
Insertion: Lower border of hyoid bone
Action: Depression of hyoid bone, larynx

29
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Action: flexion of neck, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side

30
Q

Scalenes (Anterior, middle, posterior)

A

Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Anterolaterally on ribs 1-2
Action: Elevate ribs 1 and 2

31
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscles
Insertion: Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion, adducts medially rotates arm

32
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: ribs 1-9
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall, rotate scapula

33
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5, near their costal cartilages
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly

34
Q

External intercostals

A

Origin: lower border of ribs above
Insertion: Upper border of ribs below
Action: elevation of ribs
Fibers run like you are putting hands in your pockets

35
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Origin: Superior border of ribs below
Insertion: Inferior border of the ribs above
Action: Depression of the ribs

36
Q

Diaphragm

A

Origin: Inferior border of rib and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon
Action: Prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction; expand thoracic, compress abdominal

37
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: Pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
Action: Flexes and rotates vertebral column

38
Q

External oblique

A

Origin: Anterior surface of lower 8 ribs
Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles and iliac crest
Action: Flexes and rotates vertebral column
Fibers run in the direction your hands go in your pockets

39
Q

Internal oblique

A

Origin: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, and costal cartilages of last 3 ribs
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion

40
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Deepest muscle of abdominal wall
Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of the last 5/6 ribs and lumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba and pubic crest
Action: Compress abdominal contents.

41
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: acromion and spinous process of scapula; lateral end of clavicle
Action: Raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it

42
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: indirect attachment to spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last 3-4 ribs iliac crest
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm

43
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: Medial border of scapula superior to spine
Action: Elevates and adducts scapula

44
Q

Longissimus

A

Origin: Transverse process of the upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae and the articular process of the lower 3-4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Posterior margin of the mastoid process, beneath the splenius capitis and sternonucleidomastoid
Action: Extend the head unilaterally, bends the head and turns it to face the same side

45
Q

Spinalis

A

Origin: Spinous process of the first 2 lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spinous process of the upper thoracic vertebrae, 4-8
Action: Extends the head

46
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Origin: Iliac crest and lateral portion of the common erector spinae tendon
Insertion: Inferior borders of the angles of the lower six or seven ribs
Action: Extends, laterally flexes, and aids in rotation of the spine, can depress the ribs

47
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Iliac crest and lumbar fascia
Insertion: Inferior border of rib 12, transverse process of lumbar vert
Action: Depresses the 12th rib, flexes lumbar column laterally

48
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T1-T5 (on both sides)
Insertion: Medial vertebral border of scapula
Action: Stabilize scapula

49
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1 (on both sides)
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: stabilization of scapula

A&P Lab (8 decks)

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