Diarrhoea case study

Question 1

What is Dysentry

Answer 1

Infection of the intestines resulting in pain, bloody/mucoid diarrhoea

Question 2

Do Cholera, Rotavirus and Norovirus cause systemic/localised (GI lumen) or toxin mediated disease?

Answer 2

Localised

Question 3

E. COli, C.Diff, Staph Aureus… cause systemic/localised (GI lumen) or toxin medicated disease?

Answer 3

Toxin medicated

Question 4

Campylobacter/enamoeba histolytica….. cause systemic/localised (GI lumen) or toxin mediated disease?

Answer 4

Systemic

Question 5

What 4 antibiotics are high risk for causing C.Diff? How?

Answer 5

Clarithromycin, Co-amoxiclav, ceftriaxone, cipfliprofloxacin… think Cdiff, anused by C… antibiotics.

C.diff is in neonatess gut flora ut is pushed to the side and not found in adults, but antibiotics give space for it to spread out.

Question 6

C Diff spread and treatent

Answer 6

Spread = faecal oral route, treatment is thorugh oral metronidazole or vancomycin

Question 7

“Rice water” stools is a sign of what infection?

Answer 7

Vibrio-Cholerae

Question 8

What can cause post-infective IBS?

Answer 8

Salmonella

Question 9

Most common ages to get Rotavirus?

Answer 9

Under %=5

Question 10

Where is Giardia Lamblia ususally found? What is it?

Answer 10

Contaminated water supplies (usually private water supplies), its a protazoa

Question 11

Norovirus spread

Answer 11

faecal - oral and airbourne

Question 12

Investigations and uses:
Blood cultures
Toxin testing
Stool cultures
Stool Microscopy
Viral PCR/Antigen testing

Answer 12

Blood cultures - exclude invasive campylobacter/salmonella
Toxin testing - confirms C. DIff
Stool cultures - Isolates bact. pathogens eg campylobacter/salmonella/Shigella/ecoli
Stool Microscopy - parasitic
Viral PCR/Antigen testing - norovirus/rotravirus

Question 13

C Diff, handwash or hand san?

Answer 13

Hand wash only!!

Question 14

Under what circumstances with diahhorea would antibiotics be used?

Answer 14

Immunosuppressed, bacterial/amoebic dysentery, C Diff,

Question 15

How ot assess fluid status?

Answer 15

HR/BP (postural BP drop)
Mucous membranes
Weight
Leg raising test
In vs out fluids

Question 16

Raw chicken is most commonly asspciated with what bacteria?

Answer 16

Campylobacter

Question 17

Diahhorea and gets worse, what is the course of action (Campylobacter) not very well?

Answer 17

IV fluids

Question 18

Infectious diarrhoea assciated wit rural/agricultural exposure?

Answer 18

E.Coli 0157

Question 19

Entamoeba histolytica is associated with

Answer 19

foreign travel and poor hygiene (faeco-oral transmission).

Question 20

Norovirus is associated more with

Answer 20

nstitutional care; hospitals and care homes.

Question 21

Guillian-Barre syndrome is associated with what?

Answer 21

Campylobacter infections (Raw chicken)

Question 22

Toxic megacolon is associated with what infections?

Answer 22

Severe C.Diff

Question 23

Haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and uramia are associated with what?

Answer 23

E.Coli 0157

Question 24

What can Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (damage to small blood vessles in kidneys) cause?

Answer 24

Acute renal failure and death