Transport Systems: Animals

Question 1

What do mammals transport in their blood?

Answer 1

nutrients (amino acids + sugars)
oxygen
CO2

Question 2

What does blood consist of?

Answer 2

plasma (liquid)
red blood cells
white blood cells

Question 3

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 3

transport oxygen around the body

Question 4

How are red blood cells specialised?

Answer 4

contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
No nucleus which maximizes capacity for more oxygen and haarmoglobin
a biconcave shape which helps them squeeze through capillaries

Question 5

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 5

destroy pathogens (disease)

Question 6

Name the 2 types of white blood cells

Answer 6

Phagocytes + Lymphocites

Question 7

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 7

carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens

Question 8

what do lymphocytes fo?

Answer 8

produce antibodies which destroy pathogens (each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen)

Question 9

Name the 4 chambers that make up the heart

Answer 9

Left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

Question 10

What does the heart do?

Answer 10

pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, takes that oxygenated blood and pumps it around the body

Question 11

how are the lungs and body connected?

Answer 11

through blood vessels

Question 12

Name the 4 blood vessels

Answer 12

vena cava (D)
pulmonary arteries (D)
pulmonary veins (O)
aorta (O)

Question 13

What do valves do>

Answer 13

prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atria

Question 14

State the cycle of blood

Answer 14

Body
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body

Question 15

What do coronary arteries do?

Answer 15

supply oxygen and glucose and blood to the heart

Question 16

What dp arteries do?

Answer 16

carry blood away from the heart @ high pressure
(thick muscular walls and narrow central channel)

Question 17

what do capillaries do?

Answer 17

form networks @ tissues and organs to allow for efficient exchange of materials (glucose and oxygen)
(wall = 1 cell thick)
(large surface area (good for diffusion)

Question 18

what do veins do

Answer 18

carry blood into heart at low pressure
(thin walls and a wide central channel)
(possess valves)

Question 19

function of oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 19

bind to and transport oxygen

Question 20

The Y shape chemical produced by lymphocytes which destroys pathogens

Answer 20

antibodies

Question 21

special feature of antibodies

Answer 21

specific to a particular pathogen

Question 22

Why are the walls of ventricles thick

Answer 22

to pump blood around the body

Question 23

Main vein of the body which
takes blood back to the heart

Answer 23

vena cava

Question 24

Process which allows gases to move
between the alveoli and the blood

Answer 24

DIFFUSION

Question 25

Gas which diffuses from the blood into the alveoli

Answer 25

CARBON DIOXIDE

Question 26

Description of capillaries

Answer 26

BLOOD VESSELS THAT ALLOW
DIFFUSION OF SUBSTANCES

Question 27

Structures found in the lungs
where gas exchange occurs

Answer 27

ALVEOLI

Question 28

Gas which diffuses from the alveoli
into the blood

Answer 28

O2

Question 29

Gas which diffuses from the blood
into the alveoli

Answer 29

C02

Question 30

What system kills antibodies

Answer 30

The immune system