lesson 10 personality

Question 1

personality individual differences

Answer 1

how would we describe the differences between snowflakes

Question 2

personality

Answer 2

an individual’s characteristic style of thought, feeling, and action

Question 3

type based personality measure

Answer 3

you can put people in personality buckets, and the people in the bucket with you act just like you

-harry potter quiz
-myers briggs personality quiz
-astrology
-type a vs type b

taking a shit ton of things and trying to reduce it to only a small amount of buckets

Question 4

problems with typing

Answer 4

enormous reduction in dimensionality and variability

little scientific support (no validity

Question 5

validity

Answer 5

the degree to which a study or questionnaire accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure

Question 6

theme based personality measure

Answer 6

what goes on in your unconscious mind? (freud)

rorschach ink blot (what do these ink blots tell you)
thematic apperception test (what do you see in this ambiguous picture)

Question 7

problems with themes

Answer 7

lack of validity (a kid draws a picture without hands, doesnt mean they were assaulted)

not reliable- if i take it on different days with different people i may get different results

more about who is interpreting than who is taking the test

Question 8

reliability

Answer 8

how consistently does a method measure whatever it measures

Question 9

trait based personality measure

Answer 9

theory down instead of data up

-personality as a 5 dimensional object (the big 5 traits)
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Negative emotionality
Openness
Extraversion

Question 10

theory down

Answer 10

briggs and myers used jung’s theory of true types of people and created a bunch of questions based on how they interpreted jung’s theory

theory that if youre good at 100, youll be good at 400 meters

Question 11

CANOE

Answer 11

Conscientiousness
-focused, organized, persistent in pursuit of goals

Agreeableness
-orientation toward and style of interacting with others

Negative emotionality
-propensity to experience negative emotions like anger, pessimism, anxiety

Openness
-orientation to novelty, change, uncertainty

Extraversion
-level of arousal and preference for stimulation

-instead of thinking of different buckets, where are you on a slider scale with these traits (so better than type based)

Question 12

why are trait measures the best

Answer 12

high reliability- if you take the measure more than once, you’ll score similarly

high validity- the measure predicts related behavior

Question 13

serotonin

Answer 13

linked to negative emotionality (if you have low serotonin, you’ll have more negative emotions)

Question 14

dopamine

Answer 14

linked to extraversion (if you have high dopamine you dont need a lot of external stimulation)

Question 15

problems of measuring traits

Answer 15

lack of insight
-person cant really answer about themselves truthfully (wont say theyre a jerk)

-self presentation bias
most people will lie because they want to present a certain way

-dont know how people come up with answers for these questions

Question 16

what makes someone anxious/conscientious/smart etc

Answer 16

some strong genetic contribution (twins tend to have similar personalities, even if raised apart)

birth order (oldest or only kids tend to be disproportionately represented in ivy leagues, maybe because they get more attention or social pressure)—- environmental factors

Question 17

Personality

Answer 17

an individual’s characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling

Question 18

self-report

Answer 18

a method in which people provide subjective information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire or interview

Question 19

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 19

a projective technique in which
respondents’ inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots

Question 20

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 20

is a projective technique in which respondents’ underlying
motives and concerns and the way they see the social world are believed to be revealed through analysis of the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people

Question 21

trait

Answer 21

a relatively stable disposition to
behave in a particular and consistent way

Question 22

id

Answer 22

is the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates according to the pleasure principle

Question 23

superego

Answer 23

the mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority

consists of a set of guidelines, internal standards, and other codes of conduct that regulate and control our behaviors, thoughts, and fantasies. It acts as a kind of conscience, punishing us when it finds we are doing or thinking something wrong (by producing guilt or other painful feelings) and rewarding us (with feelings of pride or self-congratulation) for living up
to ideal standards

Question 24

ego

Answer 24

the component of personality,
developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands

Question 25

freud and the structures of the mind

Answer 25

Freud believed that the dynamics among the id, superego, and
ego are largely governed by anxiety, an unpleasant feeling that arises when unwanted thoughts or feelings occur, such as when the id seeks a gratification that the ego thinks will lead to real-world dangers or that the superego sees as leading to punishment

Question 26

defense mechanisms

Answer 26

unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce the anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses