lesson 11 intelligence (paper prep 3)

Question 1

how genes affect behavior

Answer 1

phenotype

Question 2

phenotype plus environment

Answer 2

traits

the environment like your siblings and parents

Question 3

jack and oskar

Answer 3

oskar germany, jack jamaica
although identical twins, had different expression of traits due to environment

Question 4

traits plus environment

Answer 4

behavior

if youre a rebel in a rich environment, you’ll probably be elon musk

if youre a rebel in a poor environment, you’ll be disadvantaged

Question 5

genes and environment

Answer 5

genes tweaked and moved in different directions due to environment

initial trajectory and makes some things really unlikely but environment can change where it ends up

Question 6

meaningful question

Answer 6

how much of the variation in the behavior in multiple people is due to variation of internal factors vs variation of internal factors

Question 7

low variability in environment

Answer 7

rest of variability must be accounted for by genetics

Question 7

imagine sample of kids from well off background and ask where is variation from

Answer 7

most of differences due to genetic factors

Question 8

genetic influences on traits decrease over the lifespan

Answer 8

as environment has time to separate them

Question 8

nature vs nurture

Answer 8

not in competition; intricately connected

genes are being expressed in context of environment/how youre raised/schools you go to etc

Question 9

what is intelligence

Answer 9

mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences

Question 10

alfred binet

Answer 10

one of traits we privilege is intelligence

binet introduced this notion of intelligence because there werent enough aristocratic sons to go around (they were all killed) so there werent men to be officers

developed intelligence tasks to find people with intrinsic intelligence even if they never had formal schooling or were brought up poor

Question 11

wechsler intelligence scale for children

Answer 11

The objective of the exam is to understand whether or not a child is gifted, as well as to determine the student’s cognitive strengths and weaknesses using these two:

crystallized- you learned at some point (whether trivia or math, you encountered this information)

fluid- more abstract way of thinking, creative

Question 12

unlike personality traits, intelligence traits (quant, verbal, spatial)

Answer 12

are somewhat correlated and form a general intelligence (G)

Question 13

raven’s progressive matrices

Answer 13

look at pattern of cards and find what’s missing to determine (G)

Question 14

flynn effect

Answer 14

if you go back to historical method and look at G scores over time, people are getting smarter

scoring higher on fluidity tests too

most scientists believe that the industrial and technological
revolutions have changed the nature of daily living such that people now spend more and more time solving precisely the kinds of abstract problems that intelligence tests include

Question 15

intelligence

Answer 15

the ability to use one’s mind to solve problems and learn from experience

Question 16

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience, and it is generally measured with tests of vocabulary and factual information

Question 17

Fluid intelligence

Answer 17

ability to solve and reason about novel problems, and it is generally measured with tests that present people with abstract problems in new domains that must be solved under time pressure

Question 18

emotional intelligence

Answer 18

the ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning