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PHILOSOPHY-Q1-EXAM REVIEWER > My body > Flashcards

My body Flashcards

1
Q

Mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises, though logically relevant to the conclusion, fail to provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion

A

Fallacies of insufficient evidence

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2
Q

Some of the rationalists

A

René Descartes
Baruch Spinoza
Gottfried Leibniz

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3
Q

A form of preliminary judging

A

Opinion

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4
Q

In order to seek out reality, man must attain full enlightenment; only humans can have the rational quality to become a buddha or the enlightened one

A

Buddhism

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5
Q

Opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response

A

Rationalism

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6
Q

When an arguer threatens harm to a reader or listener and this threat is irrelevant to the truth of the arguer’s conclusion

A

Scare Tactics

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7
Q

A conscious acceptance of a claim without subjective or objective grounds/foundation

A

Opinion

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8
Q

Among three, it is the most problematic

A

Opinion

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9
Q

Assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

A

Fallacy of Composition

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10
Q

The will

A

Universally good

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11
Q

Conscious acceptance of a claim on the basis of a subjective ground but without any objective ground

A

Belief

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12
Q

A clear understanding or awareness of something

A

Knowledge

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13
Q

Is a word we all understand, but if we try to explain it we can easily get involved in a maze of confusion

A

True

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14
Q

A science devoted to the discovery of proper method of acquiring and validating knowledge

A

Epistemology

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15
Q

Providing arguments

A

Inference

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16
Q

He believe that humanity cannot dictate future events because thought of the past are limited, compared to the possibilities for the future

A

David Hume

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17
Q

Usually stated as short statement

A

Proposition

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18
Q

Believes that the world was created by God, who controls all in this best and most rational of all possible worlds

A

Gottfried Leibniz

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19
Q

Some of the empiricists

A

John Locke, George Berkley, and David Hume

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20
Q

It is where our knowledge begins

A

Perceptual knowledge

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21
Q

Why was the information given? Is the gust of the information to convince or persuade?

A

Purpose

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22
Q

The goal of thinking

A

To know the ultimate truth

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23
Q

Three types of will

A

Conscience
Moral decisions
Action

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24
Q

Has various views that which can help us tackle concept of knowing the truth

A

Philosophy

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25
Q

Add to our decision making

A

Conscience

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26
Q

Types of physical faculties

A

External
Internal

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27
Q

The human person has two powers of the mind

A

The intellect
The will

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28
Q

He stated that “true” is a word we all understand, but if we try to explain it, we can easily get involved in a maze of confusion

A

Frank Ramsey

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29
Q

She stated that epistemology is a science devoted to the discovery of the proper method of acquiring and validating knowedge

A

Ayn Rand

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30
Q

Truth is something observable and empirical

A

Science

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31
Q

To know is to know something (reality, existence, being)

A

Reality

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32
Q

We notice what is similar and there is Abstraction where we clarify things

A

Concept

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33
Q

When an arguer states or assumes as a premise (reason) the very thing he is speaking to probe as a conclusion

A

Begging the Question

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34
Q

Conscious judgement in the basis of both subjective and objective ground

A

Knowledge

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35
Q

He stated that human person has three ways of taking-something-to-be-true

A

Immanuel Kent

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36
Q

Free from coercion

A

Action

37
Q

A judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is considered to be subjective

A

Opinion

38
Q

Only capable of higher order thinking by relying on the types of sense

A

Human person

39
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

A blank slate

40
Q

Two types of senses

A

Physical Faculties
Spiritual Faculties

41
Q

Enlightened one

A

Buddha

42
Q

He believed that knowledge was founded in empirical observation and experience

A

John Locke

43
Q

An argument that contains a mistake in reasoning

A

Logical fallacy

44
Q

Considered as the central figure of modern philosophy

A

Immanuel Kant

45
Q

Assess how long the person has spent studying the topic and how wide his/her experience is in relation to the topic

A

Reliability

46
Q

What should you consider in evaluating source

A

Reputation
Audience whom it was intended for
Whether authentic documents were provided as proof

47
Q

In order to know whether the claim is true or false, it must undergo in the process of

A

Verification

48
Q

Is our contact to reality through senses

A

Perception

49
Q

It is formed based on the person’s understanding, feelings, or desires about matters, topic, issues, or concerns

A

Opinion

50
Q

Taking-something-to-be-true

A

Fürwahrhalten

51
Q

When an arguer rejects a person’s argument or claim by attacking the person’s character rather than examining the worth of the argument or claim itself

A

Personal Attack

52
Q

Based on experience

A

Knoweldge

53
Q

Statement about the world and reality that may or may not carry truth

A

Proposition

54
Q

He believed that “causes and effects are discoverable not by reason, but by experience”

A

David Hume

55
Q

Two types of fallacies

A

Fallacies of relevance
Fallacies of insufficient evidence

56
Q

How do we know if something is true

A

Systematic doubt analysis

57
Q

Claims that required further examinations to establish whether it is true or false

A

Statement

58
Q

Knowledge acquired through experiences derived from the senses

A

Empiricism

59
Q

“Cogito ergo sum” that means I think therefore I am or I am thinking, therefore I exist

A

Baruch Spinoza

60
Q

Esse est percipi

A

To be is to be perceived

61
Q

Believes that material things do not exist, and all reality exists as perceptions within the minds of spirits

A

George Berkley

62
Q

Argues that, at birth, the mind is tabula rasa

A

John Locke

63
Q

When an arguer attempts to evoke feelings of pity or compassion, where such feelings, however understandable, are not relevant to the truth of the arguer’s conclusion

A

Appeal to Pity

64
Q

Are mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion

A

Fallacies of relevance

65
Q

A judgement that a cognition which is presented is true

A

Fürwahrhalten

66
Q

Four characteristics of the ultimate truth

A

Reside in the intellect
It is immutable
It is absolute
It is eternal

67
Q

The mind as its locus and thinking, its central activity

A

Spiritual faculties

68
Q

Scientifically proven or proposition which are observed to be real

A

Facts

69
Q

What are the methods of philosophizing

A
  • distinguish opinion from truth
  • analyze situations which show the difference between opinion and truth
  • realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth
  • do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective
  • evaluate opinions
70
Q

Comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to be true

A

Knowledge

71
Q

Steps to evaluate opinion

A

Source
Reliability
Purpose
Bias
Assumption

72
Q

He has a principle of “esse is percipti”, to be is to be perceived

A

George Berkley

73
Q

Choose freely

A

Moral decisions

74
Q

Thinking and reasoning, making wise decisions, and pursue truths of a higher order

A

The intellect

75
Q

Difficult to singularly define and in philosophy, there is no general acceptable definition of it

A

Truth

76
Q

Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its part

A

Fallacy of Division

77
Q

They stated that human person has two powers of the mind

A

René Descartes and St. Thomas Aquinas

78
Q

The intellect

A

Universally true

79
Q

By thinking with use of our mind

A

Rationalist

80
Q

Assuming a cause and effect relationship between a related events

A

Cause-and-effect

81
Q

Does the author give partiality, preference, or prejudice for or against an idea/subject matter?

A

Bias

82
Q

An idea or principle that a person accepts are true but makes no effort to prove or substantiate it

A

Assumption

83
Q

Statement that expresses assertion or a denial

A

Proposition

84
Q

Cogito Ergo Sum

A

I think therefore I am or I am thinking, therefore I exist

85
Q

Group of statements - one or two premises and a conclusion

A

Arguments

86
Q

Believe that god is not the creator of the world, but the world is part of god

A

René Descartes

87
Q

Three ways of Fürwahrhalten

A

Opinion
Knowledge
Belief

88
Q

Emphasize belief as a basis for determining truth

A

Philosophers

89
Q

What are the processes of acquiring knowledge

A

Reality
Perception
Concept
Proposition
Inference

PHILOSOPHY-Q1-EXAM REVIEWER (4 decks)

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