lesson 14 culture, norms, influence

Question 1

cultural learning

Answer 1

the transmission of acquired information both within and across generations

Question 2

vectors of cultural transmission

Answer 2

our families
our institutions
other people

Question 3

cultural learning comes with extreme costs

Answer 3

domestication doesnt come without a cost (psychic pain)

1) we do things the way our parents do (can lead to overimitation)

2) civilization requires we be tamed or broken

Question 4

overimitation in children

Answer 4

we tend to assume because this is the way we learned it from culture/our family, this is important to the overall outcome

Question 5

candid camera experiment about group pressure

Answer 5

turning around in elevator if you see everyone else turning around due to group pressure, putting on and taking off hat because everyone else is

Question 6

conformity

Answer 6

the tendency to do what others do

Question 7

conformity experiment (asch experiment)

Answer 7

asch experiment: subject surrounded by classmates, say which line matches the control line (they choose the wrong one, so does the subject)

if only one other person gives the wrong answers subject can resist but more people doing it means more pressure to conform

Question 8

why do we conform

Answer 8

we want to cooperate
we dont want to be socially excluded

Question 9

kitty genovese

Answer 9

bystander effect
38 people saw her be attacked, no one helped due to human tendency to conform

Question 10

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 10

individuals feel diminished responsibility for their actions when surrounded by others doing the same

youre more likely to get help from one person than multiple because no one will be willing to break conformity to intervene (doesnt feel like you have the same agency, no choice)

Question 11

defeating diffusion of responsibilty

Answer 11

single out one person and make them responsible

Question 12

how we are tamed by society

Answer 12

1) conformity
2) obedience to authority
3) institutional expectation

Question 13

obedience

Answer 13

the tendency to do what authorities tell us to do simply because they tell us to do it

Question 14

example of obedience to authority

Answer 14

nuremberg trial (obeying orders, not considered viable defense)

Question 15

stanley milgram obedience experiment

Answer 15

the subject keeps giving shocks to the learner who makes mistakes

people will do anything if they perceive command comes from legitimate authority

Question 16

how do institutions guide behavior

Answer 16

harvard and finance
st peters architecture

Question 17

stanford prison experiment

Answer 17

revealed how people will readily conform to the social roles they are expected to play

students really became sadistic guards

Question 18

unethical experiments surrounding obedience

Answer 18

milgram shock experiment and zimbardo stanford prison experiments

Question 19

gradual ratcheting

Answer 19

humans go one half step makes it a little easier to go next half step

your behavior changes over time, from one small uncomfortable thing to more extreme things

Question 20

occurs when another person’s behavior provides
information about what is good or true

Answer 20

Informational influence

Question 21

persuasion

Answer 21

occurs when a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person. The kind of persuasion the candidates will promise is known as systematic persuasion, which is the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason, but the kind they are most likely to deliver is known is as heuristic persuasion, which is the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion

Question 21

foot-in-the-door

Answer 21

making a small request and then following it with a larger request

Question 22

prisoner’s dilemma game illustrates

Answer 22

the benefits and costs of cooperation

The prisoner’s dilemma presents a situation where two parties, separated and unable to communicate, must each choose between cooperating with the other or not. The highest reward for each party occurs when both parties choose to co-operate.

Question 23

What best predicts whether a person will engage in reactive aggression?

Answer 23

the person’s gender

Question 24

When women aggress, they usually

Answer 24

cause social harm rather than physical harm.

Question 25

Which of the following is a situational factor that influences attraction?

a. proximity
b. similarity
c. bilateral symmetry
d. personality

Answer 25

proximity

Question 26

The fact that people in relationships want their cost–benefit ratio to be about the same as their

Answer 26

equity

Question 27

The fact that people prefer to experience pleasure rather than pain is known as

Answer 27

the hedonic motive

Question 28

The tendency to do what authorities tell us to do is known as

Answer 28

obedience

Question 29

What is the process by which people come to understand others

Answer 29

social cognition