Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

Retinol
Essential for vision health, skin and hair growth
Night blindness, dryness and cloudy eye layer

Question 2

Vitamin D

Answer 2

Calcitriol
Maintains bone health, helps Calcium absorption
Brittle bones or rickets

Question 3

Vitamin E

Answer 3

Tocopherol
Antioxidant
Neurological problems

Question 4

Vitamin K

Answer 4

Phylloquinone
Blood clotting
Uncontrollable bleeding

Question 5

Vitamin B1

Answer 5

Thiamin
Coenzyme TPP which is used in energy metabolism, helps form Pyruvatdehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff
Carbohydrate

Question 6

Vitamin B2

Answer 6

Riboflavin
Coenzyme of FAD
Lesions on tongue and mouth
Fat & Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 7

Vitamin B3

Answer 7

Niacin
Coenzyme for NAD and NADP (allows FA synthesis)
Pellagra
Carbohydrate, Protein & Fat metabolism

Question 8

Vitamin B6

Answer 8

Pyridoxine
Coenzyme for aminotransferase forms
PLP in liver
Anemia, unstable gait
Protein metabolism

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

Cobalamin
Succinyl CoA synthesis, vital for healthy nervous system
Neurological problems, fatigue
Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate

Question 10

Vitamin B9

Answer 10

Folic acid
Coenzyme for DNA and RNA synthesis
Prenatal defects on fetus
Protein 🠊 DNA, AAs…

Question 11

Vitamin C

Answer 11

Ascorbic acid
Antioxidant,
Deficiency

Question 12

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 12

Vitamin A, D, E and K

Question 13

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 13

Vitamin C & B

Question 14

Absorption of fat soluble vit

Answer 14

Emulsified in stomach through bile salts
Reach small intestine 🠊 vitamins integrate with micelles
They get absorbed through Mucosa with simple diffusion
In mucosal cell 🠊 packaged into chylomicrons
Enter lymphatic system

Question 15

Absorption for water soluble vit

Answer 15

Food is broken down through chewing
Digested in stomach to release vitamins
Pancreas releases digestive enzymes to further help release the enzymes from the food
Absorbed into mucosal cells through energy-requiring transport or facilitated diffusion.
They enter the blood directly

Question 16

Absorption of Cobalamin

Answer 16

Intrinsic factor is needed for absorption 🠊 IF-CBL complex
Gastric glands secrete haptocorrin 🠊 binds with cobalamin
Parietal cells secrete IF
IF-CBL taken in by endocytosis

Question 17

Treatment option for deficiencies

Answer 17

Increasing vitamin rich sources in diets, supplements

Question 18

What are vitamins

Answer 18

Essential micronutrients
Organic compounds
Only needed in small amounts
The body cannot synthesise them (or in small quantities)

Question 19

Vitamin B5

Answer 19

Pantothenic acid
CoA component
Anaemia
Carbohydrate, Fat metabolism

Question 20

Vitamin B7

Answer 20

Biotin
Coenzyme for carboxylation reactions
Pyruvate carboxylase, FA synthesis
Contributes to keratin
Intestine inflammation, dermatitis
Enables metabolism of macronutrients