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Veterinary Physiology > Renal Psiology Introduction > Flashcards

Renal Psiology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the kidney?

A
  1. Filtration and Excretion
  2. Homeostasis
  3. Endocrine
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2
Q

Filtration and excretion

A

Blood excretion of waste products (urea, creatinine, uric acid) and foreign substances (drugs, food additives) as well as their metabolites

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3
Q

What happens if the waste products aren’t excreted?

A

Leukemia (increase of creatinine and urea)
Uremia (urine in the blood)

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Regulation of water balance, electrolyte balance and acid-base balance

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5
Q

What are the endocrine secretions of the kidney?

A

Renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D3

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6
Q

What does renin do?

A

Regulates blood pressure

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7
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Regulates RBC production

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8
Q

What does vitamin B3 do?

A

Regulate calcium and phosphorous levels

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9
Q

What are the vascular components of the nephron?

A

Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

Nephron

A

Functional and structural unit of the kidney

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11
Q

Afferent Arteriole

A

Carries the blood to the glomerulus

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12
Q

Glomerulus

A

Capillaries that filters protein-free plasma into the tubular component

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13
Q

Efferent Arteriole

A

Carries blood from the glomerulus

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14
Q

What are the tubular components of the nephron?

A

Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule and collecting duct

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15
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Collects the glomerular filtrate

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16
Q

Proximal Tubule

A

Reabsorption and secretion of selected substances (filtrate)
Has microvilli

17
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Establishes an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla
Important for the kidney to produce urine of varying concentration

18
Q

Distal Tubule and collecting duct

A

Control reabsorption of Na+ and H20, secretion of K+ and H+
Urine leaving collecting duct

19
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

A vascular and tubular component
Produces substances involved in the control of kidney function

20
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and Juxtaglomerular

21
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Glomeruli lie on the outer cortex
Loop of Henle slightly in the medulla
Peritubular capillaries = complex network woven around the tubule

22
Q

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

A

Glomeruli lie on inner part of cortex next to medulla
Long Loop of Henle that plunges deep in medulla
Peritubular capillaries form loops called vasa recta
F: kidneys ability to concentrate urine

23
Q

What are the 3 process involved in the production of urine?

A

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

24
Q

Glomerular Filtration (GF)

A

Filtration of protein free plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule

25
Q

What can enter the tubular component of the nephron?

A

All blood constituents except blood cells and plasma proteins

26
Q

GF in a beagle

A

In a 10 kg beagle 37 ml of glomerular filtrate is formed in a minute

27
Q

GF in a human

A

125 ml of glomerular filtrate/ minute is formed
180 L per day

28
Q

Tubular Reabsorption

A

Selective movement of filtered substances from tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries

29
Q

How much is absorbed?

A

99% absorbed while 1% excreted in urine

30
Q

Tubular Secretion (TS)

A

Selective movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen
Rapid elimination of substances

31
Q

Inulin

A

Filtered through glomerulus
Not reabsorbed or secreted
Filtered plasma cleared of substance (excreted)

32
Q

Glucose

A

Substance filtered through glomerulus
Not secreted and completely reabsorbed (into capillaries)

33
Q

What does glucose in the urine indicate?

A

Diabetes

34
Q

Urea

A

Substance filtered through glomerulus
Not secreted and partially reabsorbed, partially excreted into urine

35
Q

Hydrogren ion

A

Filtered from glomerulus and secreted from capillaries to lumen
Not reabsorbed by capillaries
All the filtered plasma is cleared and peritubular plasma (from secretion) is cleared of substance

36
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Supply the renal tissue
Exchanges of fluid with the tubular lumen

Veterinary Physiology (20 decks)

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