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Immunology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the innate immune system

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
NK cells
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Basophils
Epithelial cells
Fibroblast cells

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2
Q

Origin of Dendritic cells

A

Haemopoietic stem cells

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3
Q

Origin of Lymphocyte progenitor

A

Haemopoietic stem cell

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4
Q

Origin of Myleoid progenitor

A

Haemopoietic stem cell

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5
Q

What does Lymphocyte progenitor give rise to

A

NK cells
Thymus— CD8 T, CD4 T
Plasma cell
B cell

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6
Q

What does Myleoid progenitor give rise to

A

Basophils
Monocytes— Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast cell

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7
Q

Features of Recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

A

Rapid response (hours)
Fixed
Limited number of specificities
Constant during response

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8
Q

Features of recognition mechanism of adaptive immunity

A

Slow response
Variable
Numerous highly selective specificities
Improve during response

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9
Q

What are the first cytokines that are produced in the innate immunity

A

TNF-a
IL-12
IFN-a

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10
Q

What determines the quarantine duration

A

Until the adaptive immunity steps in
Until the ab production starts

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11
Q

Physico-chemical barriers of innate immunity

A

Skin
Mucus
Cilia

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12
Q

Chemical barriers of urogenital tract

A

Acidity in vaginal secretions
Spearmint and zinc in semen

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13
Q

Anti-microbial peptides are made by

A

Neutrophils and some epi cells

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14
Q

When does Adaptive immunity starts

A

When specific ag is recognized and B,T cell activation occurs
Ab production

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15
Q

Which cells recruited from blood

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Which cells are tissue resident

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells

17
Q

Which cells encounter first ag

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages

18
Q

Role of selectin

A

Rolling adhesion
Helps against the fast flow of blood

19
Q

Role of integrin

A

Tight binding

20
Q

Steps of Complement mediated phagocytosis

A

1- Cleavage and activation of the complement
2- Complement divides into 2 parts
3- One of them binds to bacterium
4- One of them attracts an effector cell
5-Complement receptor on the cell binds to Complment-bacterium
6- Engulf the bacterium, kill it

21
Q

Phagocytosis Granules

A

Primary Granules
Secondary Granules — phagocyte oxidase
Lysosomes — digestive enzymes

22
Q

2 systems of Phagocytotic killing

A

1-Oxygen-depended system— powerful microbicidal agents
2-Oxygen-independent system — anaerobic conditions

23
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease

A

Genetic defect in phagocyte oxidase
Susceptibility to bacterial infections

24
Q

Innate-immune system recognizes which type of microbes

A

Conserved microbes

25
Q

T and B lymphocytes recognizes which type of molecules

A

T= Protein
B= Every type

26
Q

Which receptor sense the molecules of pathogens

A

Toll-like receptors

27
Q

2 types of TLRs

A

On the membrane
Inside of the cell

28
Q

TLR3 recognizes

A

DsRNA

29
Q

TLR4 recognizes

A

LPS

30
Q

TLR5 recognizes

A

Flagellin

31
Q

TLR7 recognizes

A

Viral ssRNA

32
Q

TLR9 recognizes

A

CpG DNA

33
Q

Which TLRs are inside the cell

A

TLR3
TLR7
TLR9

34
Q

2 roles of anti-viral immunity

A

Blocking infection
Blocking viral replication

35
Q

What does virus-infected cell produces or act on neighboring cells

A

Interferon-a

36
Q

Source of NK cells

A

Bone marrow

37
Q

Function of NK cells

A

Cytotoxic for=Tumor cells, Viral infected cells , Bacterial,fungal,parasitic infection
Responsible for ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

38
Q

Diseases that associated with increased infection

A

Immune-deficiencies
Complement deficiencies
Chronic Granulomatous disease

39
Q

Diseases that associated with relapsing immune activation

A

Familial Mediterranean Fever

Immunology (10 decks)

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