Ch 2. Basics of Exercise Science: Nervous System

Question 1

Kinetic Chain

Answer 1

The combination of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

Question 2

Human movement system

Answer 2

The combination of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

Question 3

Parts of the nervous system

Answer 3

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

Parts of the Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 5

Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 5

Contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
Somatic nervous system - voluntary control of movement
Autonomic nervous system - run the involuntary systems of the body (organs like the heart, metabolic systems, and endocrine glands)

Question 6

Sensory Function

Answer 6

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment.
Internal Example: The stretch placed on a muscle.
External Example: a change in walking surface.

Question 7

Integrative Function

Answer 7

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.

Question 8

Motor Function

Answer 8

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Question 9

Proprioception

Answer 9

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.

Question 10

Neuron

Answer 10

The functional unit of the nervous system

Question 11

The types of neurons

Answer 11

Sensory Neurons (afferent)
Interneurons
Motor Neurons (efferent)

Question 12

Sensory Neurons (afferent)

Answer 12

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Interneurons

Answer 13

Transmit nerve impulses between neurons

Question 14

Motor Neurons (efferent)

Answer 14

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.

Question 15

Somatic nervous system

Answer 15

consists of the nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscles, largely responsible for voluntary movement

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

Supplies neural input to the involuntary systems of the body (e.g, hear, digestive systems, and endocrine glands.

Question 17

Parts of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system (prepares for activity) and parasympathetic nervous system (prepares for recovery)

Question 18

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 18

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.

Question 19

Muscle Spindles

Answer 19

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Help in regulating the contraction of muscles via the stretch reflex mechanism.

Question 20

Stretch Reflex

Answer 20

When a muscle spindle is stretched, and impulse is immediately sent to the spinal cord, and a response to contract the muscle is received withing 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is to prevent overstretching and potential muscle damage.

Question 21

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

Answer 21

Receptors sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Activation of the Golgi Tendon Organs will cause the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress or possibility of injury.

Question 22

Joint receptors

Answer 22

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint. These receptors act to signal extreme joint position and may act to initiate a reflexive inhibitory response if too much stress is placed on a joint.