SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Flashcards
What is a solution
A solution is a mixture of two or more substances with varying proportions
Classification of solutions are based on what
Number of components of the solution
Relative amount of solute to solvent
Solute size
Interaction between solute and solvent
What are the types of solution bases on the number of components
Binary
What are the types of solutions based on the relative amount of solute to solvent
Dilute( has little solute compared to solvent)
Concentrated(has large solute compared to solvent)
Saturated (contains the max amount of solute it can dissolve at that temperature)
Super saturated (contains more solute than it can dissolve at that temperature)
Unsaturated (can dissolve more solute at that temperature)
What are the types of solutions based on the interaction between solute and solvent
Ideal (reaction does not take place between the solute and solvent and there is only physical change)
Non ideal(reaction occurs between solute and solvent, chemical change and there is loss or gain of heat)
What are the types of solutions based on size of components
Homogenous (uniform size of 1-5 um, true solution)
Heterogeneous (size of >200um)
Colloidal(size of 5-200um, they look homogenous to the eye but are not e.g milk)
What is solubility
It is the max. number of grammes of a substance that can be dissolved in 100g of a liquid at a given temperature
What are the ways of expressing concentration of a solution
Percentage by weight(mass of solute in 100g of solution or solvent)
Mass conc.
Molar conc.
Mole fraction (mole of A/ mole of A +B)
Weight percent ( mass of A / mass of A +B)
What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid
Nature of the liquid
Nature of the solid
Temperature of the system
What is the prerequisite for classifying an ideal solution
Obedience to rault’s law at any temp. and conc.
State Raoult’s law
It states that the partial pressure of any volatile constituent of a solution at any temp. is the product of its mole fraction and vapour pressure
State Henry’s law
It states that the mass of a gas deposited per unit volume of a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution at constant temperature
What are colligative properties?
They are properties that entirely depend on the number of particles of a solute contained in a known volume of the solvent and not on the nature of the solute
State some examples of colligative properties
Depression of freezing point
Lowering of vapour pressure
Elevation of boiling point
Osmosis pressure
