Matter And Mixtures

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Is the amount of matter in an object

Question 3

3 states of matter

Answer 3

Solid

liquid

gas

Question 4

Properties of solids

Answer 4

Solids have a definite shape

Solids have a definite volume

Solids cannot be compressed

Solids cannot flow

Question 5

Properties of Gases

Answer 5

Gases have no definite shape

Gases have no definite volume

Gases can be compressed

Gases can flow

Question 6

Properties of liquids

Answer 6

Liquids have no definite shape

Liquids have a definite volume

Liquids cannot be compressed

Liquids can flow

Question 7

Heat energy

Answer 7

In order for a substance to change state (from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy.

Question 8

Latent energy

Answer 8

As a substance changes state, it uses latent energy. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.

Question 9

Melting point

Answer 9

The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a solid to a liquid).

Question 10

Boiling point

Answer 10

The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporating begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas).

Question 11

Condensation

Answer 11

Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Diffusion is movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration e.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room

Question 13

Plasma

Answer 13

Is the fourth state of matter.

It is like gas but can conduct electricity

Question 14

Mixture

Answer 14

A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g. sand and water

Question 15

There are four methods of separating mixtures

Answer 15

Filtration

Evaporation

Distillation

Chromatography

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

Used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids

Question 17

Evaporation

Answer 17

Used to separate soluble liquids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids e.g. salt water

Question 18

Physical change

Answer 18

No change in particles just particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse e.g. mixing water and salt

Question 19

Chemical change

Answer 19

A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match

Question 20

During a chemical reaction

Answer 20

The atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles

Question 21

Distillation

Answer 21

Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78) and water (boils at 100). Also used to separate a soluble solid for a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each.

Question 22

Insoluble

Answer 22

does not dissolve in a liquid

Question 23

Soluble

Answer 23

Does dissolve in a liquid

Question 24

Residue

Answer 24

the soil left in the filter paper after filtration

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

the liquid that a solid is dissolved into

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

the solid that is left behind after evaporation

Question 27

Filtrate

Answer 27

the clean water that comes after filtration

Question 28

Miscible

Answer 28

Liquids that mix together e.g. alcohol and water

Question 29

Liebig condenser

Answer 29

piece of equipment used in distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam to water

Question 30

Distillate

Answer 30

clean water at the end of distillation

Question 31

Chromatogram

Answer 31

chromatography paper with separated ink

Question 32

Reactant

Answer 32

chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction

Question 33

Products

Answer 33

the substances formed after a chemical reaction