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Senior Cosmetology License > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The term used to identify anything that occupies space and has weight is called…

A

Matter

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2
Q

All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of…

A

Organic chemistry

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3
Q

What is NOT an example of a physical change (performing a haircut, shattering a piece of glass, performing a thermal style)?

A

Iron changing to rust

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4
Q

Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?

A

Physical

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5
Q

Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called…

A

Elements

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6
Q

Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a…

A

Molecule

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7
Q

When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen stem, the results is a water molecule, which is a…

A

Compound

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8
Q

Atoms that are the same form an…

A

Element

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9
Q

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen form the basis of…

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

What is created when amino acids join together in chains?

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Hair consists of 97%…

A

Keratin

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12
Q

How is human hair formed?

A

Protein groups linking together

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13
Q

The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called…

A

Side bonds

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14
Q

What bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

What is the side bond that is of the greatest concerns to the salon professional?

A

Disulfide bond

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16
Q

Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain…

A

Water

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17
Q

A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydrogen ions is…

A

Acidic

18
Q

What is pH?

A

A unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or alkaline

19
Q

A pH below 7 is…

A

Acidic

20
Q

A pH above 7 is…

A

Alkaline

21
Q

Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered…

A

Neutral

22
Q

A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic than a pH of 6?

A

10

23
Q

In what pH range is skin and hair?

A

4.5 to 5.5

24
Q

Which of the following cosmetic classifications represents a mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, evenly dispersed?

A

Solution

25
Q

A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a…

A

Solvent

26
Q

The instructions on a product state to shake well before use, which indicates the product is a…

A

Suspension

27
Q

What is formed when two or more immiscible substances are united with the help of a binder?

A

Emulsion

28
Q

An example of an oil-in-water emulsion is…

A

Perm solution

29
Q

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are…

A

Ointments

30
Q

What cosmetic classification requires sifting until free-of-coarse gritty particles?

A

Powder

31
Q

In the process of making a cup of instant hot cocoa, what would the dry cocoa represent?

A

Solute

32
Q

Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is called…

A

Shampooing

33
Q

What do surfactants contain?

A

A lipophilic and a hydrophilic part

34
Q

What are surfactants used for?

A

To remove oil from the hair (shampoo)

35
Q

If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals that prevent shampoo from altering, it is classified as…

A

Hard water

36
Q

The primary ingredient of most shampoos is…

A

Deionized water

37
Q

What is the name given to purifying water by passing it through a porous substance?

A

Filtration

38
Q

What characteristic identifies a pH-balanced shampoo?

A

Able to return the hair to a neutral 7 on the pH scale

39
Q

What shampoo would most likely be used to remove product build up?

A

Clarifying shampoo

40
Q

A shampoo type generally recommended for clients who are bedridden and Connor wet hair is known as…

A

Non-aerosol powder dry shampoo

41
Q

What do protein conditioners do?

A

Fortifies damaged areas
Alters the way the hair behaves
Protects against further damage

42
Q

What conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?

A

Body-building conditioner

Senior Cosmetology License (17 decks)

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