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NE Exam 1 > Neck Osteology & Fascia > Flashcards

Neck Osteology & Fascia Flashcards

1
Q

Unique Identifying Characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • Thin bodies
  • Large vertebral foramen
  • Articular facets nearly horizontal
  • Transverse foramen (C1-C6 only)
  • Bifid Spinuous Process
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2
Q

Alar Ligament

A

Attach Dens of C2 to lateral margins of foramen magnum of occipital bone

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3
Q

Apical Ligament of the Dens

A

Runs from Apex of Dens to the anterior internal margin of the Foramen Magnum

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4
Q

Components of Cruciate Ligament

A
  • Transverse Ligament of Atlas
  • Longitudinal Fasicles
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5
Q

Transverse Ligament of Atlas

A
  • Goes around the Odontoid Process of the Dens and attaches to the tubercle of transverse ligament of the Atlas to contralateral tubercle of transverse ligament of the Atlas
  • Forms the Horizontal band of the Cruciate Ligament
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6
Q

Longitudional Fascicles

A
  • Superior Longitudional Band attaches occipital bone to transverse ligament; the Inferior Longitudional band attaches from C2 to the transverse ligaments
  • Forms the vertical bar of the cruciate ligament
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7
Q

Cervical Rib

A
  • The supernumerary (extra) rib or a fibrous connection extending from its tip to the first thoracic rib may elevate and place pressure on structures that emerge from the superior thoracic aperture, notable the subclavian A or inferior trunk of the brachial plexus, and may cause Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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8
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Vertebral Body

A
  • Small and wider from side to side than anteroposteriorly
  • Superior surface concave with Uncus of body (Uccinate Process)
  • Inferior surface convex
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9
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Vertebral Foramen

A

Large and triangular

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10
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Transverse Processes

A
  • Foramina Transversarii (transverse foramen) and anterior and posterior tubercles
  • Vertebral arteries and accompanying venous and sympathetic plexuses pass through foramina transversarii of all cervical vertebrae except C7, which transmits only small accessory vertebral veins
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11
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Articular Processes

A
  • Superior facets directed superoposteriorly
  • Inferior facets directed infero-anteriorly
  • Obliquely placed facets are most nearly horizontal in this region
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12
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Spinous Processes

A
  • Short (C3-C5) and bifid (C3-C6)
  • Spinous process of C6 is long, but spinous process of C7 is longer (C7 is called Vertebra Prominens)
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13
Q

Transverse Foramen of Cervical Spine Transmit:

A

Vertebral Arteries

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14
Q

Intervertebral Foramen of Cervical Spine Transmit:

A

Spinal Nerves

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15
Q

Four Stages of Dislocation of Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • Stage I: flexion sprain
  • Stage II: anterior subluxation with 25% anterior translation
  • Stage III: anterior subluxation with 50% anterior translation
  • Stage IV: complete dislocation
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16
Q

Dislocation of Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • Cervical Vertebrae are less tightly interlocked than other vertebrae because of their more horizontally oriented articular facets
  • Cervical Vertebrae can be dislocated in neck injuries with less force than is required to fracture them
  • Slight dislocation can occur in this region without damaging the spinal cord due to the large vertebral canal
  • Severe dislocations or dislocations combined with fractures (fracture-dislocations), injure the spinal cord
  • If the dislocation does not result in “facet jumping” with locking of the displaced articular processes, the cervical vertebrae may self-reduce so that a radiograph may not indicate that the cord has been injured; an MRI may reveal the resulting soft tissue damage
17
Q

Hyoid Bone

A
  • This bone does not articulate with any other bone; it is suspended from the Styloid Process of the Temporal bones by the stylohyoid Ligaments and is firmly bound to the Thyroid Cartilage
  • Consists of a body, and greater and lesser horns
  • Function: serves as an attachment for anterior neck muscles and a propr to keep the airway open
18
Q

Components of Superficial Cervical Fascia

A
  • Platysma
  • External Jugular Vein
19
Q

Components of Depp Cervical Fascia

A
  • Investing Fascia
  • Pretrachael Fascia
  • Prevertebral Fascia
  • Carotid Sheath
20
Q

Investing Fascia

A
  • Outermost layer of deep cervical fascia
  • Envelops the SCM and Trapezius
21
Q

Pretrachael Fascia

A
  • Anterior, extends inferiorly from hyoid bone to the thorax where it blends with the fibrous pericardium covering the heart
  • Contains a Visceral and Muscular layer
22
Q

Visceral Layer of Pretracheal Fascia

A
  • Surrounds Larynx, Trachea, Thyroid Gland, Esophagus
  • Continuous posteriorly and superiorly with the Buccopharyngeal Fascia of the Pharynx
23
Q

Muscular Layer of Pretracheal Fascia

A

Encircles the vertebral column and associated muscles

24
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

Contains:
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Common Carotid Artery
- Internal Carotid Artery
- Vagus Nerve
- Carotid Sinus Nerve
- some deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
- Sympathetic Nerve Fibers (Carotid Peri-Arterial Plexuses)

25
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A
  • Potential space that consists of loose connective tissue between the superior part of the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia and the buccopharyngeal fascia surrounding the Pharynx superficially
  • Inferiorly the Buccopharyngeal Fascia is continuous with the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
  • Permits movement of the Pharynx, Esophagus, Larynx and Trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing
26
Q

Alar Fascia

A
  • Forms a further subdivision of the Retropharyngeal Space
  • Attached along the midline of the Buccopharyngeal Fascia from the cranium to the level of C7, it extends laterally and terminates in the Carotid Sheath
  • Closed superiorly by the Cranial BAse and on each side by the Carotid Sheath; it opens inferiorly into the Superior Mediastinum
27
Q

The ___ Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia helps prevent the spread of infection in the neck caused by tissue destruction

A

Investing

28
Q

Infections of the Investing Layer of Fascia will typically not spread beyond the inferior border of the ___

A

Manubrium

29
Q

Infections between the Investing and Pretracheal layers can spread into the ___ cavity into the Anterior ___

A
  • Thoracic
  • Mediastinum
30
Q

Infections in the Retropharyngeal Space between the Alar Fascia and the Prevertebral Fascia can spread to the posterior ___ and cause difficulty swallowing and speaking

A

Mediastinum

31
Q

Infections of the head can also spread inferiorly into the ___ traveling through the Retropharyngeal Space

A

Mediastinum

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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