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Biomechanics I > Shoulder arthrology - exam 3 > Flashcards

Shoulder arthrology - exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

describe sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

clavicle on scapula
basilar joint of UE - links axial/appendicular skeleton
allows large ROM
irregular saddle shape
convex on concave

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2
Q

describe acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

attaches scapula to clavicle

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3
Q

describe the scapulothoracic joint

A

not true joint
interface between bones
movements linked to movements at SC and AC
position of scapula provides base for GH joint

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4
Q

describe the glenohumeral (GH) joint

A

most distal and mobile portion of the whole complex

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5
Q

t/f
weakened, painful, or unstable link in the shoulder complex decreases the effectiveness of the entire UE

A

true

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6
Q

elevation of the shoulder has a (superior/inferior) slide

A

superior

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7
Q

depression of the shoulder has a (superior/inferior) slide

A

inferior

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8
Q

protraction of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to medial border

A

medial border slides anterior/lateral

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9
Q

retraction of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to medial border

A

medial border moves posterior/medial

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10
Q

upward rotation of shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to inferior angle

A

inferior angle rotates

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11
Q

downward rotation of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to the inferior angle

A

inferior angle moves in superior-lateral direction

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12
Q

downward rotation of the shoulder results in what movement of the glenoid fossa

A

glenoid fossa rotates inferior-medial direction

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13
Q

the longitudinal diameters of the sternoclavicular joint extend into what plane

A

frontal plane between superior/inferior points of articular surfaces

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14
Q

the transverse diameters of the sternoclavicular joint extends into what plane

A

horizontal plane between anterior/posterior points of articular surfaces

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15
Q

what are the periarticular tissues of the SC joint

A

anterior SC ligament
posterior SC ligament
interclavicle ligament
articular disc
SCM, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, subclavius muscles

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16
Q

how many degrees of freedom does the SC joint have

A

3 - sagittal, frontal, horizontal

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17
Q

what are the kinematic functions of the SC joint

A

elevates/depresses
protracts/retracts
rotates

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18
Q

what is the goal of the SC joint

A

place scapula in optimal position for head of humerus

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19
Q

clavicle rotates in all __ degrees of freedom with UE elevation

A

3

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20
Q

where is the axis of the SC joint

A

near anterior-posterior

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21
Q

how many degrees of elevation does the SC joint have

A

35-45

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22
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of clavicle elevation

A

convex surface rolls superiorly and slides inferiorly

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23
Q

what is the function of the CC ligament in the SC joint

A

stretches during clavicle elevation and limits motion

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24
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of clavicle depression

A

convex surface rolls inferiorly and slides superiorly

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25
Q

what is the function of the interclavicular ligament and superior portion of capsule

A

limits movement with clavicle depression

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26
Q

what plane does clavicular protraction/retraction occur

A

horizontal plane

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27
Q

where is the axis of motion for clavicular protraction/retraction

A

vertical

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28
Q

where does the arthrokinematics of scapular protraction/retraction occur

A

SC joint’s transverse diameter

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29
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of retraction at the SC joint

A

concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on convex surface of sternum

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30
Q

what is the function of the CC ligament and anterior capsule during clavicular retraction

A

stretches and resists excessive movement

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31
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of clavicular protraction

A

occurs in anterior direction

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32
Q

what is the function of CC ligament and posterior capsule during clavicular protraction

A

stretches to limit excessive movement

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33
Q

where is the axis during rotation of the clavicle

A

longitudinal

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34
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of rotation of the clavicle

A

spin of sternal end relative to lateral surface of the articular disc

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35
Q

t/f
axial rotation of the clavicle is linked with overall kinematics of flexion and abduction

A

true

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36
Q

where is the acromioclavicular joint located

A

lateral end of clavicle and acromion of scapula

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37
Q

what are the AC joint periarticular tissues

A

superior and inferior AC ligaments
coracoclavicular ligaments
trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament

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38
Q

describe the kinematics of the AC joint

A

motion between scapula and lateral clavicle
3 degrees of freedom
upward/downward rotation

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39
Q

describe upward rotation of scapula in regards to AC joint

A

swings upward and outward
up to 30 degrees
contributes significantly to scapulothroacic motion

40
Q

describe downward rotation of scapular at the AC joint

A

return to anatomical position
frontal plane depicted

41
Q

describe rotational adjustment motions at the AC joint

A

pivoting/twisting type motions of the scapula around lateral end of clavicle
aligns the scapula against the throax

42
Q

describe rotational adjustment motions of the AC joint in the horizontal plane

A

vertical axis
medial border moves away

43
Q

describe the rotational adjustment motions of the AC joint in the sagittal plane

A

medial-lateral axis
inferior angle pivots away or reverse (anterior or posterior tilting)

44
Q

describe the motion of protraction at the AC joint

A

AC joint internally rotates in horizontal plane
helps align anterior surface of scapula with thorax curved surface

45
Q

(anterior/posterior) tilting occurs with elevation

A

anterior tilting

46
Q

describe the motion of scapular protraction/retraction of the scapula

A

summation of horizontal motions at SC and AC

protracting clavicle around SC joint, SC varies amount of internal rotation

47
Q

scapulothoracic upward rotation is a summation of…

A

elevation at SC joint and upward rotation at AC joint

48
Q

describe the glenohumeral joint general features

A

large convex head on shallow concavity

49
Q

how is the humeral head positioned in the GH joint

A

medially, superiorly, posteriorly

50
Q

describe the fibrous capsule of the GH joint

A

rim of glenoid fossa to anatomical neck
loose fitting
thin and expandable
allows mobility, reinforcement by external ligaments

51
Q

in anatomical position, inferior portion of capsule is (slackened/taut) and is called ___

A

slackened
axillary pouch

52
Q

what lines the inner wall of the GH joint

A

synovial membrane

53
Q

the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa is lined with ___ cartilage

A

articular

54
Q

potential volume of space in the GH joint is _x the size of humeral head

A

2

55
Q

what is the primary stabilizers in the GH joint

A

passive tension with embedded ligaments
active forces produced by local muscles (rotator cuff)
LBB crosses superiorly overhead of humerus

56
Q

superior GH capsular ligaments resist

A

external rotation, inferior and anterior translations

57
Q

what is the function of the middle GH capsular ligaments

A

stabilizes most motions
main anterior restraint
slack in internal rotation

58
Q

what is the function of inferior bands in GH capsule

A

3 portions
taut in 90 degree abductoin
supports and suspended humeral head
resists inferior and anterior post lateral translations

59
Q

describe the coracohumeral ligament

A

attaches at coracoid process and greater tubercle
blends with superior capsule and supraspinatus tendon
taut in anatomical position
restraints inferior translation and external rotation of humeral head

60
Q

location of the subscapularis muscle in regard to the capusle

A

anterior to capsule

61
Q

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor location in regards to the capsule

A

superior and posterior

62
Q

what is the rotator (cuff) interval

A

common site for dislocation
reinforced by LHB
coracohumeral ligament and superior/mid capsular ligs

63
Q

where are the 2 regions of vulnerability in the rotator cuff

A

inferior and supraspinatus/subscapularis

64
Q

where does the intrascapular tendon cross the humeral head

A

intertubercle groove on anterior humerus

65
Q

what is the function of the long head of biceps tendon

A

restricts anterior translation of humeral head

force generated through tendon across dome of humeral head resists anterior translation

66
Q

what are the tissues the reinforce/deepen GH joint

A

joint capsule/GH capsular ligs
coracohumeral ligament
rotator cuff muscles
LHB
glenoid labrum

67
Q

describe the coracoacromial arch

A

formed by the coracoacromial ligament and acromion process
roof of GH joint

68
Q

what does the coracoacromial arch contain

A

supraspinatus muscle and ligament
subacromial bursa
LHB
superior capsule

69
Q

what is the subacromial bursa

A

direct extension of the synovial membrane of the GH joint

70
Q

what is the purpose of bursa sacs

where can they be located

A

situated where significant frictional forces develop

between tendons, capsule, bone, muscle, ligament, 2 adjacent muscles

71
Q

what are the bursa that are superior to the humeral head and what are their functions

A

subacromial bursa - protests SS from acromial bone

subdeltoid bursa - limits friction forces between deltoid and SS tendon/humeral head

72
Q

what plane is humeral adduction/abduction motion

what is the axis

A

frontal

A-P axis

73
Q

what is the slide/glide of humeral adduction/abduction

A

superior roll with inferior slide

74
Q

describe adhesive capsulitis

A

excessive thickening or stiffness in ICL

limits inferior slide of humeral head

superior roll leads to jamming of humeral head against coracoacromial arch

only 22 degrees before this without any slide

75
Q

describe impingement syndrome

A

unnatural and repeated compression/abrasion may damage SS tendon, subacromical bursa, LHB tendon, or superior parts of the capsule

over time repeated compression may lead to this syndrome

76
Q

what plane is shoulder flexion

what is the axis

A

sagittal plane

ML

77
Q

how many degrees is GH flexion

A

120

78
Q

how many degrees of active and passive occurs in extension

A

65 degrees active, 80 degrees passive

79
Q

describe scapular and capsule ligaments movements that occur during extension

A

slight anterior tilt of scapula

stretch capsular ligament

80
Q

describe internal and external rotation of the shoulder

A

axial rotation of the humerus horizontal plane

longitudinal axis runs through the shaft

81
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of external rotation

A

rolls posteriorly, slides anteriorly

82
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of internal rotation

A

rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly

83
Q

what is the overall kinematics of shoulder abduction

A

motion not as specific joint but whole complex

ideal is optimal kinematic sequencing and/or coupling across joints

impairment in one part impacts the rest

84
Q

what is the relationship of GH abduction and ST upward rotation

A

ratio of 2:1

every 3 degrees of abduction, 2 degrees at GH joint/1 at ST upward rotation

85
Q

how many degrees does the SC elevate during the 180

A

30 degrees

86
Q

the 60 degrees of scapula is a result of

A

simultaneous elevation of the clavicle at SC joint and upward rotation of the scapula at the AC joint

87
Q

the clavicle retracts at the __ joint during full abduction

A

SC

88
Q

Mhm

A

Mhm

89
Q

the clavicle does more in what plane

A

frontal plan

90
Q

how does the scapula tilt as full abduction occurs

A

scapula tilts posteriorly and slightly rotates outward

91
Q

how is the scapula positioned at rest

A

anterior tilt 10 degrees
internally rotated 30-40 degrees

92
Q

the posterior tiltand external rotation of the scapula during abduction helps by

A

keeps the scapula flush with throax
orients the fossa
moves the coracoacromial arch away from the advancing humeral head

93
Q

how many degrees does the clavicle rotate during full abduction

A

20-35 degrees

94
Q

what motion is the most predominant of the clavicle

A

abduction

95
Q

those with subacrominal impingement showed reduced ___

A

rotation

96
Q

what motion of the humerus naturally occurs during abduction

A

external rotation

97
Q

what is the significance of natural external rotation with shoulder abduction

A

allows for the greater tubercle on the humerus to pass posterior to the acromion

Biomechanics I (4 decks)

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