B1 Cells (Page 11) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Organisms?

A

All living things

(an individual animal, plant or single-celled life form)

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2
Q

Cells can be either…….(finish the sentence)

A

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

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3
Q

All living things are made of what?

A

cells.

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4
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells?

A

they are complex and include all animal and plant cells.

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5
Q

What are Prokaryotic cells?

A

they are smaller and simpler.

e.g. bacteria

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6
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

they are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.

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7
Q

What is a Prokaryote?

A

it is a cell, (it’s a single-celled organism)

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8
Q

The different parts of a cell are called what?

A

subcellular structures.

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9
Q

Most animal cells have subcellular structures, name them? (you need to know them all)

A

1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell membrane
4) Mitochrondria
5) Ribosomes

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10
Q

Describe what the Nucleus is in an animal cell?

A

Neculeus - contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

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11
Q

Describe what the Cytoplasm is in an animal cell?

A

Cytoplasm - a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes (see page 25) that control these chemical reactions.

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12
Q

Describe what the Cell membrane is in an animal cell?

A

Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

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13
Q

Describe what the Mitrochrondria is in an animal cell?

A

Mitochrondria - these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place (see page 55). Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

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14
Q

Describe what Ribosomes are in an animal cell?

A

Ribosomes - these are where proteins are made in the cell.

See diagram on page 11.

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15
Q

Plant cells usually have all the bits that animal cells have, plus a few extra things that animal cells don’t have. please list them?

A

1) Cell wall
2) Permanent vacuole
3) Chloroplasts

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16
Q

Describe what the Cell Wall is in plant cells?

A

Rigid Cell Wall - made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strenghtens it

(cellulose is a tough, fibrous, and water-insoluble polysaccharide, that plays an inergral role in keeping the structure of the plant cell walls stable).

17
Q

Describe what Permenant Vacuole is, in plant cells?

A

Permenant Vacuole - contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

18
Q

Describe what Chloroplasts is, in a plant cell?

A

Chloroplasts - these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant (see page 50). They contain a green substance called Chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

See diagram on page 11.

19
Q

Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes, they are much smaller. Describe what the cell contains?

A

1) Cytoplasm
2) Cell membrane
3) Cell wall
4) Single circular strand of DNA - that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
5) They may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

See diagram on page 11.

20
Q

True or False?

Bateria don’t have chloroplasts or mitochrondria?

A

True

21
Q

Give two differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Any two from:

Prokarotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells (1 mark)

Prokaryotic cells don’t have mitochrondria but eukaryotic cells do (1 mark)

Prokaryotic cells dont have a true nucleus but eukaryotic cells do (1 mark).

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA but eukaryotic cells don’t (1 mark)

22
Q

If you get asked to estimate the area of a subcellular structure in your exam, what is the best way to do this?

A

treat it as a regular shape.

For example, if it’s close to a rectangle, use the area formula

‘area = length x width’