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Med Surg Exam 2 > Respiratory Focused > Flashcards

Respiratory Focused Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal Ph

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

what is normal PaO2

A

80-100

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3
Q

what is normal PaCo2

A

35-45

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4
Q

what is normal HCO3

A

21-28

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5
Q

what is normal lactate - arterial

A

3-7

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6
Q

what is normal lactate - venous

A

5-20

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7
Q

what is allergic rhinitis

A

expsure to allergens like pollen, dander, mold

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8
Q

what are some things that can be done to help allergic rhinitis

A

avoid trigger, take meds, supportive care

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9
Q

what are some ss of allergic rhinitis

A

sneezy, watery eyes, rhinorrhea, congestion

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10
Q

what are some meds that could be used for allergic rhinitis

A

nasal corticosteriods - flonase
2nd gen antihistamines - lortadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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11
Q

what is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose and sinuses, like a common cold

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12
Q

is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis acute or chronic

A

can be both - and exist with other disorders

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13
Q

is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis allergic or not allergic

A

can be both

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14
Q

what are some ss of upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

rhonorrhea, purlent drainage, sneeziy, dry sore throat, low grade fever, watery eyes, congestion

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15
Q

who is at risk for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

really old or really young, recent exposure, not immunized, smoker, lung disease, immunocompromised

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16
Q

what meds are used for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

decongestants - phenylephrine to decrease edema and antipyretic for fever

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17
Q

what are some other things that the patient could take to help with upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

echinacea, high vitamin C, and zinc

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18
Q

what is sinusitis

A

inflammation of one or more of the sinuses

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19
Q

what does swelling cause in sinusitits

A

swelling and inflammation blocks drainage and leads to infection

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20
Q

what does sinusitits occur after

A

rhinitits

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21
Q

what are some ss of sinusitits

A

nasal congestion, headache, facial pressure, cough, bloody drainage, tender sinuses, low grade fever

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22
Q

what are some meds that could be used for sinusitits

A

decongestions like phenylephrine, antipyretic for fever, antibotics like amoxicillin, pain relievers like NSAIDs, Acetominophen, Asprin

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23
Q

what are the risks for getting sinusitis

A

deviated septum, nasal polyps, cocaine use, facial trauma, dental infection, immunocompromised

24
Q

what are some things you can do to help with sinustitis

A

encourage rest, humidified air, increase fluids, decrease swimming/air travel/driving, stop smoking, sinus irrgation

25
Q

what is a complication of sinusitis

A

Meningitis

26
Q

what kind of infection is infuenza

A

viral infection

27
Q

when are you contagious with the flu

A

24 hours before and 5 days after

28
Q

what are some ss of the flu

A

severe headache, muscle aches, chills, weakness/fatigue, fever

29
Q

what are some specific ss of avian flu

A

severe diarrhea, cough, hypoxia

30
Q

what are some things you can do to help someone with the flu

A

encourage rest, droplet precautions, sailne gargles, give fluids, monitor respiratory,

31
Q

who is at risk for the flu

A

history of pneumonia, over 65, healthcare workers

32
Q

what are some meds that are used for the flu

A

antivirals that end in vir vinvir and tadine

33
Q

how soon do you need to take antiviral treatment

A

within 24-49 hours of symptom onset

34
Q

how do you diagnose the flu

A

AV advantage A/H5N1 flu test

35
Q

what is bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi

36
Q

what are some ss of bronchitis

A

cough up to 3 weeks, clear sputum, headache, fever, hoarseness, myalgia, chest pain, dyspnea

37
Q

what are some meds you could use for bronchitis

A

cough suppressants, antipyretic, beta 2 agonist like albuterol, antibiotic if prolonged over 3 weeks with purulent drainage

38
Q

what are the risks for bronchitis

A

air pollution/dust/chemical inhalation, smoking, sinusitis, asthma

39
Q

how do you diagnose bronchitis

A

chest x ray

40
Q

what are some interventions/education you can do for bronchitis

A

increase fluids, stop smoking, ambulate, prevent pneumonia

41
Q

what happens with pneumonia

A

excess fluid in the lungs = decrease gas exchange

42
Q

what are some ss of pneumonia

A

anxiety, fatigue, weakness, chest discomfort, fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachypnea, plurtic chest pain (sharp), yellow/blood tinged sputum, crackles/wheezes, decrease O2 sats

43
Q

what are some interventions you can do for pneumonia

A

high fowlers, breathing treatments, O2 therapy, increase fluids, rest (cluster care), reassure client

44
Q

what are some bronchodilators used for pneumonia

A

to decrease bronchospasms and irritation - beta 2 agonist = albuterol, Anticholinergics = ipratopium

45
Q

what does the med ipratopium cause

A

dehydration so increase fluids and suck on hard candy

46
Q

what are some complications for pneumonia

A

atelectasis, bacterium (sepsis), acute respiratory distress syndrome

47
Q

what are the risks for pneumonia

A

older, smoking, recent respiratory infection, immunocompromised, decrease LOC, lack of vaccines, immobility, chronic diseases

48
Q

how do you diagnosis pneumonia

A

CBC, culture and sensitivty, ABD, blood culture, electrolytes, chest x ray, pulse ox

49
Q

what are some antibiotics used for pneumonia and what is the teaching involved

A

penicillin and cephalosporins - take with food start IV then PO

50
Q

what are some ss of TB

A

cough over 3 weeks, night sweats, blood tinged sputum, weight loss, low grade fever in the afternoon

51
Q

what are some interventions used for TB

A

negative air flow pressure, N95, heated/humidified air,

52
Q

what kind of nutrition is promoted for TB

A

high in calories/protein/iron/vitamin B and C

53
Q

what are the meds used for TB and what do they all cause

A

Isoniazide (INF), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide (PZA), and Ethambutol - hepatoxicity

54
Q

what can Isoniazide cause and how can you prevent it

A

neurotoxic - B6

55
Q

what is the teaching involved for rifampin

A

turns body fluids orange, inhibits contraceptives

56
Q

what is the teaching for ethambutol

A

occulartoxic

57
Q

what are the test that confirm TB

A

chest x ray and acid fast bacilli

Med Surg Exam 2 (8 decks)

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