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Biology 22-23 > Cell Types and functions > Flashcards

Cell Types and functions Flashcards

1
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes to break down harmful substances

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2
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of proteins found within the cytoplasm for support and structure

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3
Q

Vesicle

A

Transports proteins throughout the cell

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

Cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound structures

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Clear gel-like fluid in cells that holds the organelles

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6
Q

Flagella

A

Long hair-like projection used for movement in cells; uses a whip-like motion

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Where DNA is stored in a eukaryotic cell

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8
Q

Rough ER

A

Organelle that hugs the nucleus and has ribosomes attached to it

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Firm, fairly rigid structure found outside of plans for support

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10
Q

Mitochondira

A

Breaks down food into usable energy in a process called cellular respiration

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11
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage for the cell

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12
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cell with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Short numerous hair-like projections that move in wave patterns for movement

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14
Q

Cell membrane

A

Serves as a semi-permeable boundary between the cell and its enviroment

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packages and modifies proteins

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16
Q

Choroplast

A

Organelle in plants that uses light energy to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis

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17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

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18
Q

Nucleolous

A

Inside of nucleus and makes RNA

19
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes, makes lipids, stores Ca^+2

20
Q

Binary fission

A

Prokaryotic

21
Q

Mitosis

A

Eukaryotic

22
Q

Hypotonic

A

H2O goes into cell= cell swells

23
Q

Hypertonic

A

H2O leaves cell= cell shirvles

24
Q

How is homeostasis maintained at the cellular level

A

Through feedback mechanisms

25
Q

Stimulus

A

Change in enviroment

26
Q

Response

A

A change in the organism, as a result of a stimulus

27
Q

Much of homeostasis on the cellular level is maintained by the _____

A

cell membrane

28
Q

What passes easily through Cell Membrane

A

things that are small, nonpolar, hydrophobic and/or neutral, as well as water

29
Q

What doesn’t pass easily through Cell Membrane

A

Polar and/or large molecules

30
Q

Passive Transport

A

requires no extra energy; down the concentration gradient

31
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires extra energy; against the concentration gradient

32
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death (ex: web fingers & toes during development)

33
Q

Mitosis

A

The division phase of the cell (1 cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells)

34
Q

Mitosis Phases

A

Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase’ Cytokinesis begins

35
Q

Prophase

A
  1. Chromosomes condense & are visible as sister chromatids 2. Nuclear membrane disappears 3, spindle fibers show
36
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in middle of the cell

37
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids pull away from each other to opposite ends of the cel

38
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear membrane re-forms. Chromosomes decondense and start to look like chromatin (threadlike instead of rodlike). Cytokinesis begins

39
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division into 2 individual cells.
Plant cells: A cell plate forms midway and develops into a membrane
Animal cells: Forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell

40
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division

41
Q

Tumors

A

Clumps of cells that divide uncontrollably

42
Q

Difference between cancer and healthy cells

A

Cancer cells divide much more often than healthy cells do

43
Q

How many chromosomes cells will be at the end of mitosis

A

46

Biology 22-23 (2 decks)

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