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121 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Bob Altemyer

A

authoritarian
submission - should do as they’re told
agression - should be punished if they don’t do as their told
conventionalism

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2
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Stanford prison experiment
depersonalisation
deindividuation

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3
Q

Albert Bandura

A

observational learning of aggression

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4
Q

Robert Rosenthal

A

the pygmalin effect

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5
Q

The Golem effect

A

lower expectations placed upon individuals either by the supervisors or the individual themselves lead to poorer performance by the individual

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6
Q

Sheldon 20th century

A

constitutional psychology
linked personality to body types

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7
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Obedience (electric shock study)

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8
Q

Max Ringleman

A

‘Ringleman effect’ rope pulling experiment

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9
Q

Soloman Asch

A

Conformity-line experiment

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10
Q

Bibb Latane

A

bystander effect - waiting room questionnaire

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11
Q

Leon Fistinger

A

cognitive dissonance - dorothy martin end of the world

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12
Q

Gordon Allport

A

social facilitation - pool study

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13
Q

Norman Triplett

A

cyclist/finishing reel

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14
Q

Muzafer Sherif

A

conformity in ambiguous(not certain if right and wrong) - autokinetic effect

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15
Q

Geert Hofstede

A

cultural psychology - cultural views 6 cultural values

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16
Q

Duckit and Sibley

A

Authoritarianism - punitive socialisation as root cause

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17
Q

Ingham, Graves, Peckham

A

social loafing - 3 groups motivation and co ordination loss experiment

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18
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

structuralism - first lab reaction times, introspection

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19
Q

William James

A

Functionalism - used introspection and objective measures

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20
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis - focus on unconscious, dream analysis of childhood experiences

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21
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical conditioning - salivation and learned response

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22
Q

John. B. Watson

A

Behaviourism - impossibility of introspection, little Albert

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23
Q

B. F. Skinner

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A

reinforcement and punishment - skinner box - behaviour and reward

24
Q

Introspection

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A

the process when someone examines their own conscious

25
Titchner
developed structuralism focuses on the mental process rather than the function
26
deterministic view
outside factors determine psychological behaviour and are out of your control
27
Behaviourism
theory learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning, and conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment
28
What culture makes up the majority of psychology
westernised
29
Social Psychology definition
social interactions, including their origins and their effects on individuals and the world around us
30
conformity
the extent to which we do what other people are doing
31
informational influence
modify your behaviour, opinions beliefs based on information you receive from others
32
normative influence
joining a group of people despite not agreeing with what they believe
33
Authoritarian personality
a person who has extreme respect and is more likey to be obedient due to harsh parenting
34
ambiguity
uncertainity
35
punitive socialisation
idea that being punished as a child leads to authoritarianism
36
social comparison theory
the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others
37
cognitive dissonance
feeling of uncomfortable tension that comes from holding two conflicting thoughts at the same time
38
what makes cognitive dissonance increase
- the importance of the subject - the strength of the conflict between dissonant thought - our inability to rationalise and explain away the conflict
39
what makes cognitive dissonance be released
- changing behaviour - justifying behaviour by changing the conflicting cognition -justifying behaviour by adding new cognitions dissonance is most powerful when it is about our self image
40
depersonalisation
switch from seeing themselves as a person to seeing themselves in the group they belong
41
deindividualisation
loss of self awareness in groups
42
4 common bioethical principles
respect for autonomy beneficence malefinance justice
43
NZ has 4 basic principles
don't discriminate privacy and confidentiality responsible caring integrity and relationships
44
Emic
approaches are those primary within a cultural context
45
etic
looks at psychology questions formed by cross-cultural perspectives, not assuming that any one culture is relevant in answering questions
46
individualistic cultures
self-defined as in separate and independent from the group
47
collectivistic culture
self-defined only in relation to the group
48
What are Hofstedes cultural values
individualistic/collectivistic masculine/feminine uncertainty avoidance power distance time perspective indulgence/restraint
49
correspondence bias/fundamental attribution error
tendency to attribute others behaviour to internal distributions rather than situations constraints
50
self-serving bias
tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal stable 'causes' and negative outcomes to external stable factors
51
social facilitation
the presence of others improves your individual task performance
52
social loafing
a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task compared to when working either alone or co-atively
53
the ringelmann effect
pulling on ropes
54
golem effect
phenomenon in which lower expectations placed upon individuals either by the supervisors or the individual themselves lead to poorer
55
Empiricism
the idea that all learning comes from only experience and observations

Psychology (6 decks)

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