12.1 Basic Structure and Function of Nervous System

Question 1

Parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Everything else (ganglion, nerves)

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Localized collection of neuron somas in CNS

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Fiber connecting a neuron with its target

Question 5

Dendrite

Answer 5

Recevies input from Neurons

Question 6

Ganglion

Answer 6

PNS
Cluster of somas
Reception of sensory stimuli by dorsal root and cranial ganglia (somatic/autonomic)
Relay of visceral motor responses by autonomic ganglia (autonomic)

Question 7

Glial Cells

Answer 7

Support Neurons

Question 8

Gray Matter

Answer 8

Regions with many cell bodies and dendrites

Question 9

Nerves

Answer 9

PNS

Fibers of sensory and motor neurons (somatic/autonomic)

Question 10

Neuron

Answer 10

Cells containing a soma (cell body)
Have processes (extensions)
Contain Axons and Dendrites

Question 11

Tract

Answer 11

Bundle of axons with CNS

Question 12

White Matter

Answer 12

Myelinated axons

Question 13

Basic NS Functions

Answer 13

Sensation, Integration, Response

Question 14

Sensation

Answer 14

Receiving stimuli generates a motor response

Question 15

Integration

Answer 15

Association areas

Combines emotions, memories and learning to produce a response

Question 16

Sensation

Answer 16

Receive environmental stimuli from in and out of the body to register homeostatic change
5 senses
Taste+smell: chemical response
Touch: Physical
Light: Sight
Hearing: Sound perception which can be physical

Inside the body: organ wall stretching, blood concentration of ions

Question 17

Response

Answer 17

NS can cause contraction of all 3 types of muscle
Neural control of glands (sweat)
Voluntary/Conscious Contraction - Skeletal
Involuntary - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, gland activation
Voluntary responses controlled by somatic NS, involuntary are governed by Autonomic NS

Question 18

Somatic NS

Answer 18

Voluntary response to stimuli

Question 19

Autonomic NS

Answer 19

Involuntary response to stimuli

Question 20

Integration

Answer 20

Stimuli received by sensory structures communicated to the NS which processes info.
Compares memories of prior stimuli or memories from past similar experiences
Etc. Trajectory of baseball and speed before a swing

Question 21

Spinal Cord

Answer 21

CNS
Initiation of reflexes from ventral horn (somatic) and lateral horn (autonomic) gray matter
Pathways for sensory and motor functions between periphery and brain

Question 22

Brain

Answer 22

CNS
Perception and processing of sensory stimuli (somatic/autonomic)
Execution of voluntary motor responses (somatic)
Regulation of homeostatic mechanisms (autonomic)

Question 23

Digestive Tract

Answer 23

ENS
The enteric nervous system located in the digestive tract is responsible for autonomous functions and can operate independently from the brain and spinal cord